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Caique
Caique (/kaɪˈiːk/ or /kɑːˈiːk/) refers to two to four species of parrots in the genus Pionites endemic to the Amazon Basin in South America.
The term "caique" is primarily used in aviculture, with ornithologists typically referring to them as the black-headed parrot and white-bellied parrot, the latter of which is sometimes further split into three separate species, green-thighed parrot, yellow-tailed parrot and black-legged parrot. They have historically been called the "seven-colored parrot". They are relatively small and stocky, with a short, square tail and bright colors; this may be why they are referred to as "caique" based on the term for a similarly described Turkish vessel.[citation needed] They exhibit high social intelligence.
The two species are best distinguished by the black-headed parrot's black crown; both have white "bellies". Their typical weight is 150–170 grams, with the white-bellied species being the larger and heavier of the two species. They can live up to 40 years, but this is not common in captivity.
The black-headed caique is found north of the Amazon River, and the white-bellied caique south; there is a large area of overlap between ranges. They can produce fertile hybrids, but this is not common in the wild as it is in captivity. They generally prefer forested areas and subsist on fruit and seeds. Caiques are generally canopy dwellers, spending most of their time in the tops of trees, foraging and playing.
The genus Pionites is classified as two species, the black-headed parrot and white-bellied parrot. Some recent morphological work has suggested that the white-bellied parrot should be split into three species based on plumage and leg coloration, though this has not been accepted by either the IOC World Bird List, or the South American Classification Committee. In the past these parrots were often allied with the conures or other South American parakeets. Recent mitochondrial and nuclear DNA work has found Pionites to be the sister taxon to the Deroptyus (the genus that contains the red-fan parrot); the two genera occupy a basal position in the tribe Arini.
These parrots are found in the edges of forests and secondary-growth forests. They usually forage on at higher levels in the canopy, although they can also be found lower at forest edges. At least two members of the flock act as sentries during feeding time. Their diet consists of flowers, fruit, pulp, and seeds, although in captivity they are known to eat insects. Depending on the species and the location, they can breed from October to May at various times of the year. Caiques are high-nesting cavity birds and roost communally. They exhibit pack-like behavior when defending against threats.[citation needed] This may help to explain their relative self-confidence, compared to other parrots.[speculation?] Caiques are also known to form ad-hoc defensive committees in response to predators. The number of the flock is usually around 10 to 30 individuals. White-bellied caiques in the Tambopata National Reserve have been observed to be geophagous.
The species of the white-bellied parrot complex is found in humid forest and wooded habitats in the Amazon south of the Amazon River in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. It is generally fairly common throughout its range and is easily seen in a wide range of protected areas, such as the Manú National Park and Tambopata-Candamo in Peru, Cristalino State Park (near Alta Floresta), Xingu National Park and Amazônia National Park in Brazil, and Madidi National Park in Bolivia.
The black-headed parrot is found in forest (especially, but not exclusively, humid) and nearby wooded habitats in the Amazon north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is generally fairly common and occurs in many protected areas throughout its range.
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Caique
Caique (/kaɪˈiːk/ or /kɑːˈiːk/) refers to two to four species of parrots in the genus Pionites endemic to the Amazon Basin in South America.
The term "caique" is primarily used in aviculture, with ornithologists typically referring to them as the black-headed parrot and white-bellied parrot, the latter of which is sometimes further split into three separate species, green-thighed parrot, yellow-tailed parrot and black-legged parrot. They have historically been called the "seven-colored parrot". They are relatively small and stocky, with a short, square tail and bright colors; this may be why they are referred to as "caique" based on the term for a similarly described Turkish vessel.[citation needed] They exhibit high social intelligence.
The two species are best distinguished by the black-headed parrot's black crown; both have white "bellies". Their typical weight is 150–170 grams, with the white-bellied species being the larger and heavier of the two species. They can live up to 40 years, but this is not common in captivity.
The black-headed caique is found north of the Amazon River, and the white-bellied caique south; there is a large area of overlap between ranges. They can produce fertile hybrids, but this is not common in the wild as it is in captivity. They generally prefer forested areas and subsist on fruit and seeds. Caiques are generally canopy dwellers, spending most of their time in the tops of trees, foraging and playing.
The genus Pionites is classified as two species, the black-headed parrot and white-bellied parrot. Some recent morphological work has suggested that the white-bellied parrot should be split into three species based on plumage and leg coloration, though this has not been accepted by either the IOC World Bird List, or the South American Classification Committee. In the past these parrots were often allied with the conures or other South American parakeets. Recent mitochondrial and nuclear DNA work has found Pionites to be the sister taxon to the Deroptyus (the genus that contains the red-fan parrot); the two genera occupy a basal position in the tribe Arini.
These parrots are found in the edges of forests and secondary-growth forests. They usually forage on at higher levels in the canopy, although they can also be found lower at forest edges. At least two members of the flock act as sentries during feeding time. Their diet consists of flowers, fruit, pulp, and seeds, although in captivity they are known to eat insects. Depending on the species and the location, they can breed from October to May at various times of the year. Caiques are high-nesting cavity birds and roost communally. They exhibit pack-like behavior when defending against threats.[citation needed] This may help to explain their relative self-confidence, compared to other parrots.[speculation?] Caiques are also known to form ad-hoc defensive committees in response to predators. The number of the flock is usually around 10 to 30 individuals. White-bellied caiques in the Tambopata National Reserve have been observed to be geophagous.
The species of the white-bellied parrot complex is found in humid forest and wooded habitats in the Amazon south of the Amazon River in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. It is generally fairly common throughout its range and is easily seen in a wide range of protected areas, such as the Manú National Park and Tambopata-Candamo in Peru, Cristalino State Park (near Alta Floresta), Xingu National Park and Amazônia National Park in Brazil, and Madidi National Park in Bolivia.
The black-headed parrot is found in forest (especially, but not exclusively, humid) and nearby wooded habitats in the Amazon north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is generally fairly common and occurs in many protected areas throughout its range.
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