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President of the province (Italy)
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President of the province (Italy)
In the political system of Italy, a president of the province (Italian: presidente della provincia) is the single-member at the head of the government of a province, who has the power to appoint the Provincial Council.
The figure of the President of the Province was introduced for the first time by the Consolidated Law of 1889, which placed him at the top of the Provincial Deputation in place of the Prefect, as had happened in the first thirty years of the Kingdom of Italy. The President was appointed by the Provincial Council with an annual mandate.
The President's mandate was then increased to three years and coordinated with that of the Deputation following the changes voted in 1894, and applied from 1895 following the announcement of the general administrative elections. A further expansion was decided in 1904, making the mandate four years.
The rise of fascism meant the temporary abolition of the figure of the President, replaced by the Dean and the strengthened Prefect, until the provisional reintroduction by nomination of the National Liberation Committee (CLN) after the fall of the regime. It was only in 1951 that the government decided to resume the democratic role of the provinces, at the same time retouching the figure of the President of the Council who was from that moment placed at the head of the Council, with which he was linked by a vote of confidence according to the ordinary dynamics of parliamentarism. The introduction of autonomous regions had however caused some peculiarities in this matter, given that if this reform had already seen the light in 1948 in Trento and Bolzano and, in the form of a regional presidency, in 1949 in Aosta, for the provinces of Sicily it was necessary to wait until 1964.
The real historical change was however the result of the law of 25 March 1993, n. 81, which established the direct election by universal suffrage and absolute majority of the president, who was given the power to nominate the Provincial Council external to the Council, for which the separate figure of its own assembly president was recreated. The duration of the presidential mandate was set at four years, on the American model, with no more than two consecutive mandates.
The consolidated text of local authorities of 2000 confirmed the simultaneous election of the Council and the President, whose mandate was increased to five years. The President and the Executive ceased to hold office in the event of the approval of a motion of no confidence voted by the absolute majority of provincial councillors: in this case the Council was also dissolved and, pending the elections, a Commissioner was appointed who was entrusted with the administration of the institution. The same principle, known as simul stabunt vel simul cadent, was also applied in the event of permanent impediment, removal, dismissal or death of the President.
Law no. 56 of 7 April 2014 cancelled the election by universal suffrage and the simultaneous election of the Council and the President, and reduced their mandate to four years. The law was applied to the administrations as they expired: the presidents elected in office, for the remainder of their mandate, were appointed commissioners.
In the regions with ordinary statutes, the methods of electing the president have been radically modified by law no. 56 of 7 April 2014. Passive suffrage has been restricted to mayors in office, with the addition, on a temporary basis, of outgoing provincial presidents; active voting rights have instead been limited to mayors and municipal councillors in office. The vote is weighted according to the population segment of the commune represented by the voter. The new legislation has also made a relative majority sufficient for the victory of the new President.
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President of the province (Italy)
In the political system of Italy, a president of the province (Italian: presidente della provincia) is the single-member at the head of the government of a province, who has the power to appoint the Provincial Council.
The figure of the President of the Province was introduced for the first time by the Consolidated Law of 1889, which placed him at the top of the Provincial Deputation in place of the Prefect, as had happened in the first thirty years of the Kingdom of Italy. The President was appointed by the Provincial Council with an annual mandate.
The President's mandate was then increased to three years and coordinated with that of the Deputation following the changes voted in 1894, and applied from 1895 following the announcement of the general administrative elections. A further expansion was decided in 1904, making the mandate four years.
The rise of fascism meant the temporary abolition of the figure of the President, replaced by the Dean and the strengthened Prefect, until the provisional reintroduction by nomination of the National Liberation Committee (CLN) after the fall of the regime. It was only in 1951 that the government decided to resume the democratic role of the provinces, at the same time retouching the figure of the President of the Council who was from that moment placed at the head of the Council, with which he was linked by a vote of confidence according to the ordinary dynamics of parliamentarism. The introduction of autonomous regions had however caused some peculiarities in this matter, given that if this reform had already seen the light in 1948 in Trento and Bolzano and, in the form of a regional presidency, in 1949 in Aosta, for the provinces of Sicily it was necessary to wait until 1964.
The real historical change was however the result of the law of 25 March 1993, n. 81, which established the direct election by universal suffrage and absolute majority of the president, who was given the power to nominate the Provincial Council external to the Council, for which the separate figure of its own assembly president was recreated. The duration of the presidential mandate was set at four years, on the American model, with no more than two consecutive mandates.
The consolidated text of local authorities of 2000 confirmed the simultaneous election of the Council and the President, whose mandate was increased to five years. The President and the Executive ceased to hold office in the event of the approval of a motion of no confidence voted by the absolute majority of provincial councillors: in this case the Council was also dissolved and, pending the elections, a Commissioner was appointed who was entrusted with the administration of the institution. The same principle, known as simul stabunt vel simul cadent, was also applied in the event of permanent impediment, removal, dismissal or death of the President.
Law no. 56 of 7 April 2014 cancelled the election by universal suffrage and the simultaneous election of the Council and the President, and reduced their mandate to four years. The law was applied to the administrations as they expired: the presidents elected in office, for the remainder of their mandate, were appointed commissioners.
In the regions with ordinary statutes, the methods of electing the president have been radically modified by law no. 56 of 7 April 2014. Passive suffrage has been restricted to mayors in office, with the addition, on a temporary basis, of outgoing provincial presidents; active voting rights have instead been limited to mayors and municipal councillors in office. The vote is weighted according to the population segment of the commune represented by the voter. The new legislation has also made a relative majority sufficient for the victory of the new President.