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Reserved political positions
In government, several constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.
Since the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, electoral law requires that four seats for ethnic minorities (one Russians, Yezidis, Assyrians and Kurds each) are allocated in the National Assembly.
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium includes 17 reserved seats for the Flemish minority and the government needs the support from the majority of the Flemish minority, on a total of 89, but there are no separate electorates.
Similarly, the Belgian seats of the European Parliament are mainly distributed among two constituencies: a Walloon/Francophone and Flemish/Dutchophone one. The German minority gets one seat reserved.
Croatia reserves eight seats from the minorities and three for citizens living abroad in its parliament. There are three seats for Serbs, one for Italians, and a few more for other ethnic groups, where a single representative represents more than one group (there is only one representative for both Czechs and Slovaks).
The Republic of Cyprus is full of reserved political positions. Due to its nature as a bi-communal republic, certain posts are always appropriated among Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. For example, the president is chosen from the Greek Cypriot community by using separate electoral rolls, whereas the vice president is chosen by the Turkish Cypriot community, using their own separate electoral rolls. Similarly 70% of the parliament are chosen from Greek Cypriots whereas 30% are chosen by and from Turkish Cypriots. In the Supreme Court, there should be one Greek Cypriot, one Turkish Cypriot and one neutral foreign judge. The seats reserved for Turkish Cypriots have remained empty since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
The Folketing consists of 179 representatives, including two from Greenland and two from the Faroe Islands.
The Parliament of Finland consists of 200 representatives, including one from Åland who usually caucuses with the Swedish People's Party of Finland.
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Reserved political positions
In government, several constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.
Since the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, electoral law requires that four seats for ethnic minorities (one Russians, Yezidis, Assyrians and Kurds each) are allocated in the National Assembly.
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium includes 17 reserved seats for the Flemish minority and the government needs the support from the majority of the Flemish minority, on a total of 89, but there are no separate electorates.
Similarly, the Belgian seats of the European Parliament are mainly distributed among two constituencies: a Walloon/Francophone and Flemish/Dutchophone one. The German minority gets one seat reserved.
Croatia reserves eight seats from the minorities and three for citizens living abroad in its parliament. There are three seats for Serbs, one for Italians, and a few more for other ethnic groups, where a single representative represents more than one group (there is only one representative for both Czechs and Slovaks).
The Republic of Cyprus is full of reserved political positions. Due to its nature as a bi-communal republic, certain posts are always appropriated among Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. For example, the president is chosen from the Greek Cypriot community by using separate electoral rolls, whereas the vice president is chosen by the Turkish Cypriot community, using their own separate electoral rolls. Similarly 70% of the parliament are chosen from Greek Cypriots whereas 30% are chosen by and from Turkish Cypriots. In the Supreme Court, there should be one Greek Cypriot, one Turkish Cypriot and one neutral foreign judge. The seats reserved for Turkish Cypriots have remained empty since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
The Folketing consists of 179 representatives, including two from Greenland and two from the Faroe Islands.
The Parliament of Finland consists of 200 representatives, including one from Åland who usually caucuses with the Swedish People's Party of Finland.