Rockhampton Hospital is the largest major hospital in Central Queensland, Australia. Operated by Queensland Health as a public hospital, the hospital offers a wide range of medical services to a population of about 230,000 throughout the Rockhampton, Gladstone, the Capricorn Coast and Emerald communities.

The hospital is located in The Range about 4 km from the Rockhampton CBD, on a block bounded by Canning Street, North Street and Quarry Street.

The Rockhampton Hospital site at The Range was established in 1867, and was the second site of a hospital in the city. However, none of the buildings from the 19th century survive. The present buildings of the hospital are from the 20th and 21st century. Two of the 20th century buildings are heritage listed:

Other buildings of note that were once situated on the Rockhampton Hospital site include the Lady Goodwin Maternity Hospital (a maternity hospital opened in 1930 named in honour of the wife of Queensland Governor John Goodwin, demolished in 1986), the Rockhampton Hospital Nurses' Quarters (a five-storey accommodation building opened in 1954 and demolished in 2008) and the original Rockhampton Hospital Post Office (an on-site post office opened in 1949 and relocated in 2018).

In 1998, the name of the hospital was changed from Rockhampton Base Hospital to Rockhampton Hospital.^{[citation needed]}

The term "base hospital" is now considered by some hospital boards to be archaic and redundant.

Regional hospitals were initially named and classified as "base hospitals" in an attempt to secure funding but can now be potentially confusing for tourists who associate the word with military.^{[citation needed]}

After the name change, all signage at Rockhampton Hospital was amended to remove the word "base".^{[citation needed]}