The Mongolian Latin script was officially adopted in Mongolia in 1931. In 1939, a second version of the Latin alphabet was introduced but not widely used, and was replaced by the Cyrillic script in 1941.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the peoples of the Mongolian language group used predominantly the Mongolian vertical script and its variations. In the 1920s, the USSR began the process of converting the scripts of various peoples of the country to the Latin alphabet. By the end of the 1920s, two peoples living in the USSR who spoke Mongolian languages, the Kalmyks and the Buryats, had switched to the Latin alphabet. The Mongolian People's Republic, whose official language was Mongolian, was at that time heavily dependent on the USSR in political and cultural terms, which led to the beginning of Latinization there as well.

In early 1929, the Soviet linguist Nicholas Poppe published a project for a Latin alphabet that would be common to the Buryat and Mongolian languages. He proposed using the following letters: A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, ꞑ, O o, Ɵ ɵ, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Y y, X x, V v. A distinctive feature of the project was the use of the letter i not only to denote a vowel sound, but also as a modifier letter. Thus, c was to denote the sound [ч], ci — [ц], ç — [дз], çi — [дж], s — [с], si — [ш]. The letters p, f, v, k were proposed to write foreign borrowings. Long vowels were indicated by doubling the corresponding letter. In June 1929, another version of the alphabet, developed by Khabaev and Baradin, was approved for the Buryat language. This forced Poppe to revise his project and publish another version in early 1930, primarily aimed at the Mongolian language. In this version, the author proposed the following system for indicating sibilant and hissing sounds: c — [ч], ç — [ц], z — [дз], ƶ — [дж], s — [с], ş — [ш]. Poppe's revised project eventually included the following letters: A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɵ ɵ, P p, R r, S s, Ș ş, T t, U u, Y y, Z z, Ƶ ƶ, X x, V v.

In the first half of 1930, the VIII Congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party proposed switching from the Old Mongolian script to the Latin alphabet. This proposal was supported by the Great People’s Khural and the government, which was confirmed by Decree No. 36 of October 31, 1930. The new alphabet, consisting of 30 letters, was first published in the newspaper Ynen on February 19, 1930. This alphabet was more of a transliteration of the Old Mongolian script than a fundamentally new approach to orthography. From January 10 to 17, 1931, a conference of the Mongolian group of peoples on writing and language issues was held in Moscow. A delegation from the MPR, headed by the Minister of Education, was present. The conference decided to adopt the Latin alphabet of 27 letters for the Mongolian language: A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɵ ɵ, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, V v, Y y, Z z, Ƶ ƶ.

Since 1931, it was this version of the alphabet that began to appear on the pages of the Mongolian press. Individual articles in newspapers were printed in it, and the titles and imprints of individual books were duplicated. However, most of the literature and press were still printed in the Old Mongolian script. At the same time, already in 1933, the MPR began to abandon Latinization, and even the rudimentary use of the Latin alphabet ceased. Moreover, during the political repressions in 1937, the former Minister of Education was accused of attempting to “destroy the national Mongolian script”.

The issue of switching to the Latin alphabet in the Mongolian People's Republic was raised again in 1940, when the USSR had already abandoned Latinization and began to convert the scripts of national minorities to Cyrillic. In April 1940, the proposal to switch to the Latin alphabet was voiced at the 10th Congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and supported by the Great People's Khural. On July 26, 1940, Choibalsan signed a decree on the creation of a commission on Latinization under the leadership of Tsedenbal. The committee was tasked with developing a new alphabet with the aim of "developing industry, livestock breeding, trade, culture, education and literacy by eliminating the old, backward script." From the Academy of Sciences, the commission included Tsendiin Damdinsüren and Shadavyn Luvsanvandan. In addition to the alphabet, the commission also developed a new orthography. On February 21, 1941, Mongolia officially switched to the Latin alphabet.

Mongolian romanized alphabet, adopted in 1941:

The length of vowels was indicated by an apostrophe after the letter.