Rose water
Rose water
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Rose water

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Rose water

Rose water or rosewater is a flavoured water created by steeping rose petals in water. It is typically made as a by-product during the distillation of rose petals to create rose oil for perfumes. Rose water is widely utilized to flavour culinary dishes and enhance cosmetic products, and it is significant in religious rituals throughout Eurasia. Iran is a major producer, supplying around 90% of the world's rose water demand.

Central Iran is home to the annual Golabgiri festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater.

Since ancient times, roses have been used medicinally, nutritionally, and as a source of perfume. 11th-century writings by Ibn Jazla state that rose water strengthened the gums and stomach as well as being an antiemetic.

Geographer Al-Dimashqi wrote that his native Damascus exported rose water to much of the Arab world. Some sources state that it was exported from cities in modern-day Turkey and Syria to the Indian subcontinent and even China.

Rose perfumes are made from rose oil, also called "attar of roses", which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses. Rose water is a by-product of this process. Before the development of the technique of distilling rose water, rose petals were already used in Persian cuisine to perfume and flavour dishes. Rose water likely originated in Persia, where it is known as gulāb (گلاب), from gul (گل rose) and ab (آب water). The term was adopted into Medieval Greek as zoulápin.

The process of creating rose water through steam distillation was refined by Arab and Persian chemists in the medieval Islamic world, which led to more efficient and economic uses for perfume industries.

Rose water is often added to water to mask unpleasant odours and flavours.

In South Asian cuisine, it is a common ingredient in sweets such as laddu, gulab jamun, and peda. It is also used to flavour milk, lassi, rice pudding, and other dairy dishes.[citation needed]

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