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Samoyed dog
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Samoyed dog
The Samoyed (/ˈsæməjɛd/ SAM-ə-yed or /səˈmɔɪ.ɛd/ sə-MOY-ed; Russian: самое́дская соба́ка, romanized: samoyédskaya sobáka, or самое́д, samoyéd) is a breed of herding dog with a thick, white, double-layered coat. They are spitz-type dogs which take their name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. Descending from the Nenets Herding Laika, they are domesticated animals that assist in herding, hunting, protection and sled-pulling.
Samoyed dogs are most often white, and can have a brown tint to their double-layer coat which is naturally dirt-repellent. They have been used in expeditions in both Arctic and Antarctic regions, and have a friendly and agreeable disposition.
The progenitor of the Samoyeds was the Nenets Herding Laika, a reindeer herding spitz commonly used throughout northern Siberia, especially the Nenets people who were pejoratively referred to as Samoyeds at that time. DNA evidence confirms that Samoyeds are a basal breed that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century. A genomic study of two dog specimens that are nearly 100 years old and obtained from the Nenets people on the Yamal Peninsula found that these are related to two specimens dated 2,000 years old and 850 years old, which suggests continuity of the lineage in this region. The two 100 year old dogs were closely related with the Samoyed breed, which indicates that the ancient arctic lineage lives on in the modern Samoyed dog.
During preparation for the Fram expedition to the North Pole in 1893–1896, 33 dogs were purchased from the Nenets people. While 28 of these dogs would go to the North Pole, none of them survived. The remaining dogs, including pups born during the voyage, were left aboard the ship. In April 1893 the bitch had another litter, most of them white. According to Nansen's notes "...all the dogs were strong, tough and excellent at pulling sleds; they worked very well in hunting Polar bears [as well]." These dogs would become the original Samoyeds.
British Zoologist Ernest Kilburn-Scott is widely considered the founder of Samoyed breed. In 1889, he returned to England with a puppy he had purchased from a Samoyed encampment near Arkhangelsk. In the early days, imported dogs were a wide array of colors. However, it was widely believed that the "true Samoyeds," as originally bred in Siberia, were predominantly white. In 1909, the first official breed standard for the Samoyed was developed in England.
In 1898–1900, Carsten Borchgrevink brought 90 Samoyeds to the southern hemisphere during the Southern Cross Expedition. In his book "To the South Polar Regions," expedition member Louis Bernacchi wrote:
"The sickness was aggravated by the intense heat and the appalling effluvium arising from the 90 Siberian sledge-dogs we had on deck. These dogs were procured from the Samoyedes in the North of Siberia and were the first dogs ever introduced in Antarctic exploration."
On the return trip, the dogs were left on Native Island, New Zealand. Due to quarantine requirements, many of the dogs were killed but a few remained. 9 of the remaining dogs were bought by Ernest Shackleton.
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Samoyed dog
The Samoyed (/ˈsæməjɛd/ SAM-ə-yed or /səˈmɔɪ.ɛd/ sə-MOY-ed; Russian: самое́дская соба́ка, romanized: samoyédskaya sobáka, or самое́д, samoyéd) is a breed of herding dog with a thick, white, double-layered coat. They are spitz-type dogs which take their name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. Descending from the Nenets Herding Laika, they are domesticated animals that assist in herding, hunting, protection and sled-pulling.
Samoyed dogs are most often white, and can have a brown tint to their double-layer coat which is naturally dirt-repellent. They have been used in expeditions in both Arctic and Antarctic regions, and have a friendly and agreeable disposition.
The progenitor of the Samoyeds was the Nenets Herding Laika, a reindeer herding spitz commonly used throughout northern Siberia, especially the Nenets people who were pejoratively referred to as Samoyeds at that time. DNA evidence confirms that Samoyeds are a basal breed that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century. A genomic study of two dog specimens that are nearly 100 years old and obtained from the Nenets people on the Yamal Peninsula found that these are related to two specimens dated 2,000 years old and 850 years old, which suggests continuity of the lineage in this region. The two 100 year old dogs were closely related with the Samoyed breed, which indicates that the ancient arctic lineage lives on in the modern Samoyed dog.
During preparation for the Fram expedition to the North Pole in 1893–1896, 33 dogs were purchased from the Nenets people. While 28 of these dogs would go to the North Pole, none of them survived. The remaining dogs, including pups born during the voyage, were left aboard the ship. In April 1893 the bitch had another litter, most of them white. According to Nansen's notes "...all the dogs were strong, tough and excellent at pulling sleds; they worked very well in hunting Polar bears [as well]." These dogs would become the original Samoyeds.
British Zoologist Ernest Kilburn-Scott is widely considered the founder of Samoyed breed. In 1889, he returned to England with a puppy he had purchased from a Samoyed encampment near Arkhangelsk. In the early days, imported dogs were a wide array of colors. However, it was widely believed that the "true Samoyeds," as originally bred in Siberia, were predominantly white. In 1909, the first official breed standard for the Samoyed was developed in England.
In 1898–1900, Carsten Borchgrevink brought 90 Samoyeds to the southern hemisphere during the Southern Cross Expedition. In his book "To the South Polar Regions," expedition member Louis Bernacchi wrote:
"The sickness was aggravated by the intense heat and the appalling effluvium arising from the 90 Siberian sledge-dogs we had on deck. These dogs were procured from the Samoyedes in the North of Siberia and were the first dogs ever introduced in Antarctic exploration."
On the return trip, the dogs were left on Native Island, New Zealand. Due to quarantine requirements, many of the dogs were killed but a few remained. 9 of the remaining dogs were bought by Ernest Shackleton.
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