Sevenoaks
Sevenoaks
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Sevenoaks

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Sevenoaks

Sevenoaks is a town and civil parish in Kent, England. Situated 21 miles (34 km) south-east of Charing Cross, Sevenoaks is served by the South Eastern Main Line commuter railway into London. It is the principal town of the Sevenoaks district, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 21,167, while the larger built-up area had a population of 26,475.

A settlement was recorded in the 13th century, when a market was established. Construction of Knole House in the 15th century helped develop the village. Sevenoaks became part of the modern communications network when one of the early turnpikes was opened in the 18th century; the railway was relatively late in reaching it. In the 21st century, it has a large commuting population. The nearby Fort Halstead defence installation was formerly a major local employer. Located to the south-east of the town is Knole Park, within which lies Knole House.

Educational establishments in the town include Trinity School, Knole Academy, and the independent Sevenoaks School.

In 1100, the name of the settlement was recorded as Seouenaca (here the "v" is interchangeable with "u"), in turn derived from the 10th-century Old English seofon combined with ac: the place of the seven oaks. The original seven oaks were in Knole Park and have been replaced many times.

Alternatively, Baedeker's Guide of 1887 states that Sevenoaks "is said to be a corruption of Chevenix".

There are few records earlier than the 13th century for the town, when it was given market status. The weekly cattle market was held in Hitchen Hatch Lane until 1999. It was closed to make way for the 160 BT building in London Road. A food market is held in the centre of town every Saturday. In the Middle Ages, two hospitals were provided by religious orders for the care of old or sick people, especially those going on pilgrimage.

Sevenoaks School, at the south end of High Street, is one of the oldest lay foundations in England. It was founded by William Sevenoke in 1432. Sevenoke, a foundling, had been brought up in the town. In later life he became a merchant and served as alderman, sheriff and Mayor of London. Founding the school and adjacent almshouses was his thanks to the town. In 1560 the school was granted letters patent by Queen Elizabeth I and became known as Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School.

In 1456, Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, purchased the Knole estate and built Knole House. The mansion dominates the town.

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