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Diving (association football)
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Diving (association football)
In association football, diving is an attempt by a player to gain an unfair advantage by falling to the ground and, often, feigning injury to give the impression that a foul has been committed. Dives are often used to exaggerate the amount of contact made during a challenge. Deciding whether a player has dived is often very subjective and among the most controversial areas of football discussion. Motivations for diving include receiving scoring opportunities via free kicks or penalty kicks or gaining a team advantage by invoking a penalty card for the opposition. Diving may also be referred to as simulation (the term used by FIFA), Schwalbe (used in continental European countries; lit. German for "swallow"), staging (for free kicks) (Australia) and flopping (North American sports in general).
A 2009 study found that there are recognisable traits that can often be observed when a player is diving. They are:
The game's rules state that "attempts to deceive the referee by feigning injury or pretending to have been fouled (simulation)" must be sanctioned as unsporting behaviour which is misconduct punishable by a yellow card. The rule changes are in response to an increasing trend of diving and simulation.
In 2009, UEFA made the decision to ban Arsenal forward Eduardo da Silva for a dive during a Champions League qualifier against Celtic. Eduardo initially received a penalty after referee Manuel Mejuto González believed Eduardo had been fouled by Celtic goalkeeper Artur Boruc, but video evidence suggested there was no contact between Eduardo and Boruc. Eduardo scored the subsequent penalty, with the goal putting Arsenal 3–0 up on aggregate. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger claimed the ban, which was to last two games, was "a complete disgrace and unacceptable", as it singled out Eduardo as a cheat, something which UEFA would be unable to prove. The ban was subsequently overturned on appeal, with Eduardo saying he was pleased UEFA had "arrived at the truth" as he was a "fair player" and was "not the type of player who needs to be dishonest".
In 2011, Rangers player Sone Aluko was banned for two games for simulation by the Scottish FA. During a game against Dunfermline Athletic, Aluko won a penalty which was converted by Nikica Jelavić and which proved to be the decisive goal. Dunfermline manager Jim McIntyre claimed it was "never a penalty" as there was no contact, and that Aluko was "obviously trying to get his team into a lead". Former referee Kenny Clark said that, while there was contact, it was "not enough to cause a man to spill a pint in a pub far less to fall over". After a club appeal had failed, Rangers manager Ally McCoist said he was "shocked and extremely angry" at the decision of the panel, which included former referee Jim McCluskey, who McCoist was critical of in particular, saying "his decision making hasn't improved any since he stopped refereeing".
In England, starting in the summer of 2017, a three-man panel consisting of a former player, a former manager, and a former match official would independently review video evidence on the Monday after games. Any player whom the three-man panel unanimously decided had caused an opponent to be sent off or had won a penalty as a result of deceiving the referee by simulation would be charged by the Football Association with "Successful Deception of a Match Official" which carried a penalty of suspension for two matches. If a player is found guilty of deceiving an official or admits to the charge, the yellow or red card given to the opposing player can be rescinded. In November 2017, Bristol City player Bailey Wright became the first player to be banned two matches by the Football Association for diving while playing against Fulham and Aboubakar Kamara's red card was rescinded. In November 2017, Everton player Oumar Niasse became the first top-flight player to be banned two matches by the FA for diving while playing against Crystal Palace. In February 2023, Tottenham Women's Eveliina Summanen became the first female top-flight player to be banned two matches by the FA for diving while playing against Manchester United Women, and Ella Toone's red card was rescinded.
Major League Soccer in the United States began implementing fines and suspensions for the 2011 season for simulation through its Disciplinary Committee, which reviews plays after the match.
On 24 June 2011, MLS penalised D.C. United forward Charlie Davies with a US$1,000 fine as the Disciplinary Committee ruled he "intentionally deceived the officials and gained an unfair advantage which directly impacted the match" in a simulation that occurred in a match against Real Salt Lake on 18 June 2011.
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Diving (association football)
In association football, diving is an attempt by a player to gain an unfair advantage by falling to the ground and, often, feigning injury to give the impression that a foul has been committed. Dives are often used to exaggerate the amount of contact made during a challenge. Deciding whether a player has dived is often very subjective and among the most controversial areas of football discussion. Motivations for diving include receiving scoring opportunities via free kicks or penalty kicks or gaining a team advantage by invoking a penalty card for the opposition. Diving may also be referred to as simulation (the term used by FIFA), Schwalbe (used in continental European countries; lit. German for "swallow"), staging (for free kicks) (Australia) and flopping (North American sports in general).
A 2009 study found that there are recognisable traits that can often be observed when a player is diving. They are:
The game's rules state that "attempts to deceive the referee by feigning injury or pretending to have been fouled (simulation)" must be sanctioned as unsporting behaviour which is misconduct punishable by a yellow card. The rule changes are in response to an increasing trend of diving and simulation.
In 2009, UEFA made the decision to ban Arsenal forward Eduardo da Silva for a dive during a Champions League qualifier against Celtic. Eduardo initially received a penalty after referee Manuel Mejuto González believed Eduardo had been fouled by Celtic goalkeeper Artur Boruc, but video evidence suggested there was no contact between Eduardo and Boruc. Eduardo scored the subsequent penalty, with the goal putting Arsenal 3–0 up on aggregate. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger claimed the ban, which was to last two games, was "a complete disgrace and unacceptable", as it singled out Eduardo as a cheat, something which UEFA would be unable to prove. The ban was subsequently overturned on appeal, with Eduardo saying he was pleased UEFA had "arrived at the truth" as he was a "fair player" and was "not the type of player who needs to be dishonest".
In 2011, Rangers player Sone Aluko was banned for two games for simulation by the Scottish FA. During a game against Dunfermline Athletic, Aluko won a penalty which was converted by Nikica Jelavić and which proved to be the decisive goal. Dunfermline manager Jim McIntyre claimed it was "never a penalty" as there was no contact, and that Aluko was "obviously trying to get his team into a lead". Former referee Kenny Clark said that, while there was contact, it was "not enough to cause a man to spill a pint in a pub far less to fall over". After a club appeal had failed, Rangers manager Ally McCoist said he was "shocked and extremely angry" at the decision of the panel, which included former referee Jim McCluskey, who McCoist was critical of in particular, saying "his decision making hasn't improved any since he stopped refereeing".
In England, starting in the summer of 2017, a three-man panel consisting of a former player, a former manager, and a former match official would independently review video evidence on the Monday after games. Any player whom the three-man panel unanimously decided had caused an opponent to be sent off or had won a penalty as a result of deceiving the referee by simulation would be charged by the Football Association with "Successful Deception of a Match Official" which carried a penalty of suspension for two matches. If a player is found guilty of deceiving an official or admits to the charge, the yellow or red card given to the opposing player can be rescinded. In November 2017, Bristol City player Bailey Wright became the first player to be banned two matches by the Football Association for diving while playing against Fulham and Aboubakar Kamara's red card was rescinded. In November 2017, Everton player Oumar Niasse became the first top-flight player to be banned two matches by the FA for diving while playing against Crystal Palace. In February 2023, Tottenham Women's Eveliina Summanen became the first female top-flight player to be banned two matches by the FA for diving while playing against Manchester United Women, and Ella Toone's red card was rescinded.
Major League Soccer in the United States began implementing fines and suspensions for the 2011 season for simulation through its Disciplinary Committee, which reviews plays after the match.
On 24 June 2011, MLS penalised D.C. United forward Charlie Davies with a US$1,000 fine as the Disciplinary Committee ruled he "intentionally deceived the officials and gained an unfair advantage which directly impacted the match" in a simulation that occurred in a match against Real Salt Lake on 18 June 2011.
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