Tomka gas test site

Tomka gas test site (German: Gas-Testgelände Tomka) was a secret chemical weapons testing facility near a place codenamed Volsk-18 (Wolsk, in German literature), 20 km off Volsk, now Shikhany,^[1] Saratov Oblast, Russia created within the framework of German-Soviet military cooperation to circumvent the demilitarization provisions of the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles. It was co-directed by Yakov Moiseevich Fishman (начальник военно-химического управления Красной Армии), and German chemists Alexander von Grundherr and Ludwig von Sicherer.^[2]^[3]^[4] It operated (according to an agreement undersigned by fictitious joint stock companies) during 1926-1933.^[5]

After 1933 the area was used by the Red Army and expanded under the name "Volsk-18" or "Schichany-2" to Russia's most important center for the development of chemical warfare agents and protective measures against NBC weapons.

Another chemical site was established by the settlement of Ukhtomsky, Moscow Region.^[6]^[2]

References

^ Note: Shikhany still has a chemical testing ground (Шиханский полигон)
^ ^a ^b Sally W. Stoecker, Forging Stalin's Army: Marshal Tukhachevsky And The Politics Of Military Innovation , Routledge, 2018, ISBN 0429980027, pp.137-150
^ Es riecht nach Senf!, Henning Sietz, Die Zeit, Nr. 26, 2006
^ Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons, Volume 2 of Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History, James J. Wirtz, 2005, ISBN 1851094903 p. 257, citing N. S. Antonov
^ Николай Антонов (N.S. ANTONOV), ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ НА РУБЕЖЕ ДВУХ СТОЛЕТИЙ (CHEMICAL WEAPONS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY), Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1994, Section Становление исследовательских центров (in Russian)
^ Note: Now Ukhtomsky is part of Kosino-Ukhtomsky District of Moscow, see ru:Ухтомская (платформа) for more detail

[1] Note: Shikhany still has a chemical testing ground (Шиханский полигон)

[sws-2] Sally W. Stoecker, Forging Stalin's Army: Marshal Tukhachevsky And The Politics Of Military Innovation , Routledge, 2018, ISBN 0429980027, pp.137-150

[3] Es riecht nach Senf!, Henning Sietz, Die Zeit, Nr. 26, 2006

[4] Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons, Volume 2 of Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History, James J. Wirtz, 2005, ISBN 1851094903 p. 257, citing N. S. Antonov

[5] Николай Антонов (N.S. ANTONOV), ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ НА РУБЕЖЕ ДВУХ СТОЛЕТИЙ (CHEMICAL WEAPONS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY), Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1994, Section Становление исследовательских центров (in Russian)

[6] Note: Now Ukhtomsky is part of Kosino-Ukhtomsky District of Moscow, see ru:Ухтомская (платформа) for more detail

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Tomka gas test site

Tomka gas test site

Tomka gas test site

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