The African People's Socialist Party (APSP) is an African communist political party in the United States. APSP leads its sister organization, the Uhuru Movement (pronounced /ʊhʊrʊ/, Swahili for "freedom"). Both APSP and Uhuru formed in 1972 from the merger of three prior Black Power organizations. APSP supports reparations for slavery in the United States, communism, and African internationalism.

Notable APSP members include Omali Yeshitela, who has been APSP chairman since 1972. In 2024, four leading APSP members, including Yeshitela, were convicted of conspiring to act as unregistered foreign agents of the Russian government but were found not guilty of acting as agents of Russia. They cooperated with Alexander Ionov, head of the Anti-Globalization Movement of Russia. They were sentenced to probation and community service.

The APSP is an African internationalist and communist organization." APSP's stated goals are "to keep the Black Power Movement alive, defend the countless Africans locked up by the counterinsurgency, and develop relationships with Africa and Africans worldwide".

According to its Constitution, the African People's Socialist Party is the "advanced detachment of the African working class and its general staff," pursuing the goal of "the liberation and unification of Africa and African people under the leadership of the African working class as a critical component of the struggle to overthrow imperialism."

The Uhuru Movement's political theory is African internationalism, which argues that capitalism was born parasitic through the attack on Africa and its people. African Internationalism holds that capitalism is imperialism developed to its highest stage, not the other way around, as theorized by Vladimir Lenin.

This belief derives from Karl Marx's 1867 book Capital, in which Marx wrote of the condition essential to the emergence of capitalism which he called the "primitive accumulation" of capital. African Internationalism is not a static theory that only refers to past conditions, it refers also to the conditions that African people are faced with today. It refers to African people who live inside what it views as imperialist centers, such as the United States and Europe, as an "internal (or domestic) colony". Uhuru calls for the release of all African prisoners in US prisons (labelled "concentration camps") and the withdrawal of police forces (described as "illegitimate standing army") from African American communities.

In 1968, Omali Yeshitela created the Junta of Militant Organizations (JOMO), a Black Power organization that protested against racial discrimination, police brutality, and abuses against people of African descent in Florida. JOMO was modelled after the Black Panther Party.

In 1972, three Black Power organizations in Florida and Kentucky merged to create APSP: JOMO, the Black Rights Fighters (BRF), and the Black Study Group (BSG). JOMO, chaired by Yeshitela, was the most influential of the three. The Uhuru Movement was also created in 1972. After the merger, Yeshitela became the chairman of APSP and of Uhuru, which shifted their focus from Black Power toward Pan-Africanism.