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USAA

The United Services Automobile Association (USAA) is an American financial services company providing insurance, including personal property and casualty and life insurance, and banking products exclusively to members of the military, veterans and their families. It was founded in 1922 in San Antonio, Texas, by a group of 25 U.S. Army officers as a mechanism for mutual self-insurance, when they were unable to secure auto insurance due to insurer’s inability to accommodate their frequent relocations.

USAA is headquartered in northwest San Antonio. USAA Federal Savings Bank, which provides banking services and is one of the largest banks in the United States, is headquartered on a 575-acre (233 ha) campus in Phoenix, Arizona. USAA is ranked 93rd on the Fortune 500. USAA is a pioneer of the concept of direct marketing; most of its business is conducted over the Internet or telephone using employees instead of agents.

The company was formed based on a meeting of 25 United States Army officers on June 20, 1922, at the Gunter Hotel in San Antonio, Texas, to discuss the procurement of reliable and economical auto insurance.

The organization was originally called the United States Army Automobile Association. In 1924, the name was changed to United Services Automobile Association, when commissioned officers of other U.S. military services became eligible for membership.

Despite initial success, by the late 1920s, a dispute between competing factions for control of the company threatened its long-term viability. The issue was resolved when feuding members agreed to hire a leader from outside, resulting in the 1928 appointment of Major General Ernest Hinds as general manager and secretary-treasurer. Hinds provided stability and remained in the position until his death in 1941.

Until the 1960s, the bulk of its business was conducted via mail. In the late 1960s, USAA began a transition from mail to phone-based sales and service. Retired Air Force brigadier general Robert F. McDermott became CEO in 1969. The USAA office building in San Antonio was constructed under his tenure, and McDermott was behind USAA's shift from service-by-mail to service-by-phone. USAA launched a toll-free number in 1978.

In 1993, retired Air Force General Robert T. Herres became CEO. Under Herres, USAA expanded its services to enlisted members of the military and developed Internet based financial services. USAA launched Internet sales and service in June 1999 via its website.

In 2000, Robert G. Davis, a former Army officer who came to USAA with experience in a variety of financial services companies became CEO. During his time at USAA, membership, assets and net worth grew significantly. Davis oversaw USAA's first layoffs and by some reports had a confrontational style of leadership. Davis retired abruptly in December 2007.

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