Following her initial work, Keller spent several years as a Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, a renowned research institution. Here, she gained valuable experience in industrial research, potentially working on projects related to telecommunications and advanced materials, which enriched her skill set.

Keller returned to ETH Zurich and was appointed as a professor. This was a pivotal moment, signaling her establishment as a leading academic and researcher. It allowed her to lead research groups, mentor students, and further develop her expertise in ultrafast laser technology.

Ursula Keller achieved the position of Full Professor of Ultrafast Laser Physics, solidifying her role as a leader in the field. Her work centered on pushing the boundaries of ultrafast laser technology, and mentoring future generations of scientists in the field.

Keller's leadership abilities were recognized as she became the Director of the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich. This placed her in charge of a significant research institution, directing research efforts and contributing to the overall direction of quantum electronics research.