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Oetomo Ramelan
Raden Oetomo Ramelan (Republican Spelling: Utomo Ramelan, Javanese: ꦲ꦳ꦸꦠꦺꦴꦩꦺꦴꦬꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀, translit. Hutomo Ramelan; 9 January 1919 – c.1967) was a former Mayor of Surakarta who served from 17 February 1958 to 23 October 1965. He was known as the only Mayor of Surakarta who came from the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Oetomo was sentenced to death by the Extraordinary Military Court (Mahmilub) on 22 June 1967, and shortly after that, he most likely faced execution.
Oetomo was born in Sragen on 9 January 1919. His father, Raden Ramelan, was a district police chief (wedana polisi) in Surakarta. He was one of five siblings. One of his brothers, Mr. Oetojo Ramelan, was a former Indonesian Ambassador to Australia. His sister, Raden Roro Oetami, was the wife of Air Marshal Soerjadi Soerjadarma, the first Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force (KSAU). His other two siblings were named Oetoro and Oetarjo.
Oetomo received his primary education at ELS in Surakarta. He then continued at MULO in the same city before finally enrolling in AMS Section A (Literature) in Yogyakarta in June 1939. He later took the entrance exam for the Rechtshogeschool te Batavia (RHS). Oetomo passed the RHS's first stage in September 1940 and the second stage in August 1941. After successfully passing both stages, he was admitted as a student at RHS and pursued his higher education there.
In 1943, Oetomo worked as an employee at the Police Court (軽罪法院, keizaihōin, Kunrei-shiki: Keizai Hooin) in Jatinegara. The following year, he took the entrance exam for the Judicial Training School (司法監理養成所, shihōkanriyōseishō, Kunrei-shiki: sihookanri yooseizyo) located in Salemba (now the Postgraduate and Doctoral Campus of the Indonesian Defense University) and passed on 23 March 1944. In 1945, Oetomo became a prosecutor at the Surakarta District Court. He was also involved in the underground movement against the Japanese occupation.
In 1947, Oetomo became the personal secretary to the Military Governor of Surakarta at that time, Wikana. The following year, he became the editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper Ibu Kota. Additionally, he got involved in the conflict between the People's Democratic Front (FDR) and the central government by siding with the FDR. In 1950, Oetomo worked as a teacher at State Senior High School Surakarta (now State Senior High School 1 Surakarta) until 1957.
He then joined the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and became a candidate for the Constitutional Assembly in the 1955 general election from the Central Java electoral district. Oetomo was successfully elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly and served from 9 November 1956 until its dissolution on 5 July 1959. He also served on the Surakarta City Council, representing the PKI. Apart from becoming teacher and politician, Oetomo was also an active painter in the Surakarta branch of Lekra (Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat).
In the 1957 local legislative elections, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) won 17 out of 30 seats in the Surakarta City Council. As a result, the PKI nominated Oetomo as mayor to replace Muhammad Saleh Werdisastro, a sympathizer of Muhammadiyah. He was successfully elected during the City Council session held on 23 January 1958. During his leadership, the PKI's influence grew significantly in both the rural areas and neighborhoods within and around Surakarta. In 1959, Lekra decided to hold its first national congress from 24 to 31 January in Surakarta. One of the main factors for choosing Surakarta as the congress venue was the PKI's dominance in the city, both in the executive branch and the parliament.
However, neither the party nor Oetomo himself ever implemented radical actions or policies. The party was more focused on social initiatives, such as improving road conditions, addressing the plight of the poor, and seeking support from civil servants. They never seized the assets of the wealthy. The batik merchants in Laweyan remained a respected force in the city. In fact, Oetomo himself stated that he had no objection if Indonesia accepted loans from the United States, as long as they were not accompanied by military aid.
Oetomo Ramelan
Raden Oetomo Ramelan (Republican Spelling: Utomo Ramelan, Javanese: ꦲ꦳ꦸꦠꦺꦴꦩꦺꦴꦬꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀, translit. Hutomo Ramelan; 9 January 1919 – c.1967) was a former Mayor of Surakarta who served from 17 February 1958 to 23 October 1965. He was known as the only Mayor of Surakarta who came from the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Oetomo was sentenced to death by the Extraordinary Military Court (Mahmilub) on 22 June 1967, and shortly after that, he most likely faced execution.
Oetomo was born in Sragen on 9 January 1919. His father, Raden Ramelan, was a district police chief (wedana polisi) in Surakarta. He was one of five siblings. One of his brothers, Mr. Oetojo Ramelan, was a former Indonesian Ambassador to Australia. His sister, Raden Roro Oetami, was the wife of Air Marshal Soerjadi Soerjadarma, the first Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force (KSAU). His other two siblings were named Oetoro and Oetarjo.
Oetomo received his primary education at ELS in Surakarta. He then continued at MULO in the same city before finally enrolling in AMS Section A (Literature) in Yogyakarta in June 1939. He later took the entrance exam for the Rechtshogeschool te Batavia (RHS). Oetomo passed the RHS's first stage in September 1940 and the second stage in August 1941. After successfully passing both stages, he was admitted as a student at RHS and pursued his higher education there.
In 1943, Oetomo worked as an employee at the Police Court (軽罪法院, keizaihōin, Kunrei-shiki: Keizai Hooin) in Jatinegara. The following year, he took the entrance exam for the Judicial Training School (司法監理養成所, shihōkanriyōseishō, Kunrei-shiki: sihookanri yooseizyo) located in Salemba (now the Postgraduate and Doctoral Campus of the Indonesian Defense University) and passed on 23 March 1944. In 1945, Oetomo became a prosecutor at the Surakarta District Court. He was also involved in the underground movement against the Japanese occupation.
In 1947, Oetomo became the personal secretary to the Military Governor of Surakarta at that time, Wikana. The following year, he became the editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper Ibu Kota. Additionally, he got involved in the conflict between the People's Democratic Front (FDR) and the central government by siding with the FDR. In 1950, Oetomo worked as a teacher at State Senior High School Surakarta (now State Senior High School 1 Surakarta) until 1957.
He then joined the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and became a candidate for the Constitutional Assembly in the 1955 general election from the Central Java electoral district. Oetomo was successfully elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly and served from 9 November 1956 until its dissolution on 5 July 1959. He also served on the Surakarta City Council, representing the PKI. Apart from becoming teacher and politician, Oetomo was also an active painter in the Surakarta branch of Lekra (Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat).
In the 1957 local legislative elections, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) won 17 out of 30 seats in the Surakarta City Council. As a result, the PKI nominated Oetomo as mayor to replace Muhammad Saleh Werdisastro, a sympathizer of Muhammadiyah. He was successfully elected during the City Council session held on 23 January 1958. During his leadership, the PKI's influence grew significantly in both the rural areas and neighborhoods within and around Surakarta. In 1959, Lekra decided to hold its first national congress from 24 to 31 January in Surakarta. One of the main factors for choosing Surakarta as the congress venue was the PKI's dominance in the city, both in the executive branch and the parliament.
However, neither the party nor Oetomo himself ever implemented radical actions or policies. The party was more focused on social initiatives, such as improving road conditions, addressing the plight of the poor, and seeking support from civil servants. They never seized the assets of the wealthy. The batik merchants in Laweyan remained a respected force in the city. In fact, Oetomo himself stated that he had no objection if Indonesia accepted loans from the United States, as long as they were not accompanied by military aid.
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