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Vasili III of Russia
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Vasili III of Russia
Vasili III Ivanovich (Russian: Василий III Иванович; Christian name: Gavriil; monastic name: Varlaam; 25 March 1479 – 3 December 1533) was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1505 until his death in 1533.
He was the second son of Ivan III by his second wife Sophia Paleologue. Following on the ambitions of his father, Vasili annexed Pskov and Ryazan – the last remaining autonomous Russian territories – and captured the city of Smolensk from Lithuania. He also strengthened Russian influence in Kazan and the Volga region. Several nobles were exiled, sentenced, or executed for criticizing his policies.
Vasili was the second son of Ivan III of Russia. Following the death of Ivan's eldest son, Ivan Molodoy, the young Ivan's son, Dmitry Ivanovich, became heir presumptive in 1490 and was later made grand prince and co-ruler in 1498 after a conspiracy against Dmitry by Vasili's supporters was uncovered and foiled. However, on 21 March 1499, Vasili was forgiven by his father and he was bestowed the title of grand prince of Novgorod and Pskov. In March 1501, Vasili was given the Beloozero principality, and the following year, Dmitry and his supporters fell out of favor with Ivan. On 11 April 1502, Dmitry and his mother Elena of Moldavia were arrested and placed under house arrest. Three days later, Ivan III named Vasili as his successor:
In the year 7010 [1502], on 14 April, a Thursday, the feast day of our Father among the saints St. Martin, Pope of Rome, Grand Prince Ivan Vasil'evich of All Russia showed favor upon [pozhaloval] his son Vasilii, and blessed him and seated him on the grand princely throne [na velikoe kniazhenie] of Vladimir and Moscow and of all Russia, Autocrat.
According to Sigismund von Herberstein, a diplomat who visited Russia in 1517, some 1,500 noble girls were brought together in the summer of 1505 for a bride-show. Vasili chose Solomonia Saburova and the two were married on 4 September 1505. The custom was introduced by Vasili's mother Sofia Paleologue, who herself was of Byzantine royalty, though she died before the wedding could take place. Vasili himself was a cultured man and proud of his imperial descent; he may have known the Greek language.
Vasily III believed that nothing should limit the power of the Grand Prince. He enjoyed the active support of the church in the fight against the feudal boyar opposition, harshly dealing with all those who were dissatisfied. In 1521, Metropolitan bishop Varlaam was exiled due to his refusal to participate in Vasily's fight against Prince Vasili Ivanovich Shemyachich, princes Rurikovich Vasily Vasilyevich Shuisky and Ivan Vorotynsky were expelled. Diplomat and statesman Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev was executed in 1525 due to criticism of Vasily's policies, namely due to open rejection of Greek novelty, which came to Rus' with Sophia Paleologus.
During the reign of Vasily III, the landed nobility increased, the authorities actively limited the immunity and privileges of the boyars – the state followed the path of centralization. However, the despotic features of government, which were fully manifested already under his father Ivan III and grandfather Vasily the Dark, only intensified even more in the era of Vasily.
In church politics, Vasily, during his marriage to Solomonia, supported non-covetous people, and after his divorce from her and a quarrel because of this, both with his adviser, the monk Vassian, and with other people of the church and secular, he began to support Josephites, who supported him. Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev and other non-possessors were sentenced at church councils, some to death, some to imprisonment in monasteries due to fault-finding and slander against them.
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Vasili III of Russia
Vasili III Ivanovich (Russian: Василий III Иванович; Christian name: Gavriil; monastic name: Varlaam; 25 March 1479 – 3 December 1533) was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1505 until his death in 1533.
He was the second son of Ivan III by his second wife Sophia Paleologue. Following on the ambitions of his father, Vasili annexed Pskov and Ryazan – the last remaining autonomous Russian territories – and captured the city of Smolensk from Lithuania. He also strengthened Russian influence in Kazan and the Volga region. Several nobles were exiled, sentenced, or executed for criticizing his policies.
Vasili was the second son of Ivan III of Russia. Following the death of Ivan's eldest son, Ivan Molodoy, the young Ivan's son, Dmitry Ivanovich, became heir presumptive in 1490 and was later made grand prince and co-ruler in 1498 after a conspiracy against Dmitry by Vasili's supporters was uncovered and foiled. However, on 21 March 1499, Vasili was forgiven by his father and he was bestowed the title of grand prince of Novgorod and Pskov. In March 1501, Vasili was given the Beloozero principality, and the following year, Dmitry and his supporters fell out of favor with Ivan. On 11 April 1502, Dmitry and his mother Elena of Moldavia were arrested and placed under house arrest. Three days later, Ivan III named Vasili as his successor:
In the year 7010 [1502], on 14 April, a Thursday, the feast day of our Father among the saints St. Martin, Pope of Rome, Grand Prince Ivan Vasil'evich of All Russia showed favor upon [pozhaloval] his son Vasilii, and blessed him and seated him on the grand princely throne [na velikoe kniazhenie] of Vladimir and Moscow and of all Russia, Autocrat.
According to Sigismund von Herberstein, a diplomat who visited Russia in 1517, some 1,500 noble girls were brought together in the summer of 1505 for a bride-show. Vasili chose Solomonia Saburova and the two were married on 4 September 1505. The custom was introduced by Vasili's mother Sofia Paleologue, who herself was of Byzantine royalty, though she died before the wedding could take place. Vasili himself was a cultured man and proud of his imperial descent; he may have known the Greek language.
Vasily III believed that nothing should limit the power of the Grand Prince. He enjoyed the active support of the church in the fight against the feudal boyar opposition, harshly dealing with all those who were dissatisfied. In 1521, Metropolitan bishop Varlaam was exiled due to his refusal to participate in Vasily's fight against Prince Vasili Ivanovich Shemyachich, princes Rurikovich Vasily Vasilyevich Shuisky and Ivan Vorotynsky were expelled. Diplomat and statesman Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev was executed in 1525 due to criticism of Vasily's policies, namely due to open rejection of Greek novelty, which came to Rus' with Sophia Paleologus.
During the reign of Vasily III, the landed nobility increased, the authorities actively limited the immunity and privileges of the boyars – the state followed the path of centralization. However, the despotic features of government, which were fully manifested already under his father Ivan III and grandfather Vasily the Dark, only intensified even more in the era of Vasily.
In church politics, Vasily, during his marriage to Solomonia, supported non-covetous people, and after his divorce from her and a quarrel because of this, both with his adviser, the monk Vassian, and with other people of the church and secular, he began to support Josephites, who supported him. Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev and other non-possessors were sentenced at church councils, some to death, some to imprisonment in monasteries due to fault-finding and slander against them.
