Hubbry Logo
VestasVestasMain
Open search
Vestas
Community hub
Vestas
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Vestas
Vestas
Vestas
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

56°11′48″N 10°10′49″E / 56.1966997°N 10.1802483°E / 56.1966997; 10.1802483

Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Taiwan, India, Italy, Romania, the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Australia, China, Brazil, Poland[2] and the United States,[3] and employs 29,000 people globally.[4]

Key Information

As of 2013, it is the largest wind turbine company in the world.[5]

Operations

[edit]

As of 2019, Vestas has installed over 66,000 wind turbines for a capacity of 100 GW in over 80 countries on five continents.[6] As of 9 January 2019, the company has built production facilities in more than 12 countries, among them China, Spain and the United States.[7][6]

History

[edit]

Vestas traces its roots to 1898 when Hans Smith Hansen bought a blacksmith shop in Lem, West Jutland, that operated as a family business.[8] After the second world war Vestas was founded in 1945 by his son Peder Hansen as "Vestjysk Stålteknik A/S" (West-Jutlandish steel technology). The company initially manufactured household appliances, moving its focus to agricultural equipment in 1950, intercoolers in 1956, and hydraulic cranes in 1968. It entered the wind turbine industry in 1979[9] and produced wind turbines exclusively from 1989.[10] In 1997, the company placed in production the NTK 1500/60. The product was designed by Timothy Jacob Jensen and received the German IF Award and the Red Dot Award.[11] The company's North American headquarters was relocated in 2002 from Palm Springs, California to Portland, Oregon.[12][13]

Vestas V47-660kW wind turbine at the American Wind Power Center in Lubbock, Texas

In 2003, the company merged with the Danish wind turbine manufacturer NEG Micon to create the largest wind turbine manufacturer in the world, under the banner of Vestas Wind Systems. After a sales slump and an operational loss in 2005,[3] Vestas recovered in 2006 with a 28% market share[3] and increased production although market share slid to between 12.5%[14] and 14%.[15]

Vestas began a whistleblower program in 2007, among the first in Denmark.[16]

On 1 December 2008 Vestas announced plans to expand its North American headquarters in Portland through construction of a 600,000-square-foot (56,000 m2) new building, but this plan was mothballed in 2009 due to the economic recession, and in August 2010 the company announced a revised plan, scaled back in size, to expand its Portland headquarters by renovating an existing-but-vacant 172,000 sq ft (16,000 m2) building.[17] At that time, Vestas employed about 400 in Portland and committed to add at least 100 more employees there within five years; the new building will have space for up to 600 workers.[17] The company moved its Portland offices to the new headquarters building, a renovated historic building, in May 2012.[18]

In February 2009, the company announced the production of two new turbine types, the 3-megawatt V112 and 1.8-megawatt V100. The new models were to be available in 2010.[19]

In July 2009, Vestas announced its manufacturing operations on the Isle of Wight in England would close due to a lack of UK demand, affecting 525 jobs there and 100 in Southampton. Approximately 25 workers at the wind turbine factory on the island occupied the administration offices in protest on 20 July 2009, demanding nationalisation to save their jobs.[20]

In August 2009 Vestas hired more than 5,000 extra workers for its new factories in China, the United States, and Spain. The company said it was "expanding heavily in China and the US because these markets were growing the fastest, in contrast to the sluggish pace of wind farm development in the UK".[21] As part of this gradual shift in production away from Europe and towards China and the US, in October 2010, the company announced it was closing five factories in Denmark and Sweden, with the loss of 3,000 jobs.[22]

In November 2010, Vestas shut down the 70-person staff advisory department 'Vestas Excellence', responsible for securing competitiveness, handling suppliers, quality assurance and globalization.[23]

In January 2012, the company suggested firing 1,600 out of its 3,000 U.S. workers if the U.S. did not renew the 2.2 cents-per-kilowatt-hour Production Tax Credit,[24] which was extended in 2013.[25]

Vestas factory entrance in Pueblo, Colorado

On 13 August 2012, an estimated 90 workers were laid off from the Pueblo facility.[26] In 2013, the tower factory in Pueblo began ramping up to full utilization as orders rebounded from the 2012 slump.[27] Other facilities in Colorado include a further 750 persons employed at a blade manufacturing facility in Windsor, Colorado.[when?] Vestas has a nacelle manufacturing facility in Brighton, Colorado.[28] Vestas sold its tower manufacturing facility in Pueblo, Colorado to CS Wind in 2021.[29] Vestas said it decided to build its North American production facilities in Colorado because of the state’s central location, extensive transportation infrastructure and rail system, existing manufacturing base, and skilled workforce.[30] In May 2013, Marika Fredriksson became the company's new Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer after her predecessor Dag Andresen resigned for personal reasons. Her strategy is to lead Vestas back to higher earnings after the important losses faced by the company: from €166 million losses in 2011 and increasing to €963 million in 2012.[31]

MHI Vestas factory beside the River Medina, Isle of Wight, UK

In September 2013, Vestas made a joint venture for offshore wind turbines with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries creating MHI-Vestas, including the 7-9 MW Vestas V164, the most powerful turbine on Earth.[32][better source needed][5][33][34]

In October 2013 Vestas sold its four casting and two machining factories to VTC Partners GmbH.[35]

In May 2014, Vestas announced it would be adding hundreds of jobs to its Colorado Windsor and Brighton facilities and following a rough 2012 it called 2013 one of Vestas’s "best years ever".[36] Vestas also added employees in Pueblo and expected the tower facility to eventually top 500.[27] Vestas stated that it expected to have 2800 employees in Colorado by the end of 2014.[37] As of 2016, Vestas has a US nacelle production capacity of 2.6 GW.[38]

In March 2015, Vestas announced it would be upping jobs by 400 at its blade manufacturing facility in Windsor and stated "We had a very successful 2014".[39] In 2015 almost half of all Vestas turbines were going to the American market[40] (nearly 3 GW for US out of 7.5 GW worldwide).[41] Vestas intends to build a blade factory in India in 2016.[42][better source needed]

In 2014 and 2015, 26 dishonest employees were detected with the company's whistleblower program (the first in Denmark), and disciplined.[16]

In February 2016, Vestas got its largest order of 1,000 MW (278 x 3.6 MW) for the Fosen project near Trondheim in Norway. It costs DKK 11 billion, and should deliver 3.4 TWh per year.[43]

In 1Q 2016, the average wind turbine price was 0.83 million Euro per MW, compared to 0.91 a year before.[44]

In 2016, Vestas was voted number 7 on the Clean200 list.[45][46]

In 2019, MHI-Vestas received a supply and operations vessel for the Deutsche Bucht Offshore Wind Project, with a further two ships scheduled for other projects.[47]

Research and development

[edit]

Vestas spent €92 million ($128 million), or 1.4% of revenue, on research and development in 2009. It has filed 787 wind turbine patents (227 in 2010) according to United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO), while General Electric has 666 and Siemens Wind Power has 242.[48]

In October 2009, Vestas and QinetiQ claimed a successful test of a stealth wind turbine blade mitigating radar reflection problems for aviation.[49][50][51][52]

In December 2010 Vestas were developing the V164 7 MW offshore turbine,[10] with a 164 m rotor diameter. Prototypes of it were manufactured at Lindø (the former Maersk shipyard) due to size, crane and port access requirements. Series production of nacelles for the 32 turbines (256 MW) extension of the 90 MW Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm occurs at Lindø, while blades are made at Vestas' Isle of Wight facilities[53][54][55] in England.[56] DONG Energy tested a prototype in the sea off Frederikshavn in 2013, at a cost of DKK 240 million.[57][58] A V164 was installed for testing in Østerild Wind Turbine Test Field in 2014,[59] later uprated to more power.

In June 2011, the Vestas supercomputer Firestorm was number 53 on the TOP500-list of the world's most powerful computers[60] calculating worldwide weather in a 3x3 km grid, and it delivers daily weather reports to the newspaper Ekstra Bladet[61] and similar purposes.[62] In 2012, Vestas donated the older 1344-core supercomputer from 2008 to Aalborg University.[63]

In October 2011, Vestas participated in the deployment of a floating wind turbine offshore of Portugal. Vestas supplied a v80 2.0 MW offshore turbine to Windplus, S.A. (a joint-venture company including Energias de Portugal, Repsol, Principle Power, A. Silva Matos, Inovcapital and Portugal Ventures).[64] The system, known as the WindFloat, consists of a semi-submersible type floating foundation, a conventional catenary mooring, and the wind turbine. The successful deployment represents the first offshore multi-megawatt wind turbine to be installed without the use of any heavy-lift or specialized offshore construction equipment.

In 2012, Vestas scaled back and closed some of its R&D offices in Houston, Marlborough, Louisville, China, Singapore and Denmark.[65]

In August 2013, Vestas started operating its 20 MW test bench for nacelles in Aarhus.[66]

On 5 September 2013, Chris Spruce, Vestas Senior Product Engineer, served as member of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) for the kite-energy-systems project ERC HIGHWIND, a project at KU Leuven dedicated to the research and development of tethered airfoils dedicated to generating energy by airborne wind energy (AWE).[67]

In April 2016, Vestas installed a 900 kW quadrotor test wind turbine at Risø, made from 4 recycled 225 kW V29 turbines.[68][69][70] The first three months of testing confirmed theoretical models. Vestas has no immediate plans of commercializing the prototype.[71] Test results were published in 2019, indicating lower costs.[72][73][74]

As of 2022, Vestas produces the second highest offshore wind turbine in the world, with a blade of 115 meters and an energy power of 15 MW.[75][better source needed]

In September 2022, Vestas unveiled the tallest onshore tower for a wind farm. The 199-meter structure will allow to reach the zone of stronger and more stable winds. It is supposed to install a Vestas V172 generator with a rotor diameter of 172 meters and a power of 7.2 MW. It is planned to place the towers in Germany and Austria.[76]

In 2023, the company announced that the V236-15.0MW prototype had reached its rated output of 15 megawatts. The wind turbine is located onshore at the Østerild wind turbine test field on the north coast of Jutland.[77] However, it is intended for offshore wind farms. Vestas claims that it has a capacity factor of over 60%.[78]

Vestas operates a blade recycling facility in the US.[79][better source needed]

  • Vestas V126-3.45 MW guyed tower at Østerild
    Vestas V126-3.45 MW guyed tower at Østerild
  • WindFloat, operating at rated capacity (2 MW), approximately 5 km (3 mi) offshore of Agucadoura, Portugal
    WindFloat, operating at rated capacity (2 MW), approximately 5 km (3 mi) offshore of Agucadoura, Portugal
  • Vestas V112-3.0 MW in Bavaria, Germany
    Vestas V112-3.0 MW in Bavaria, Germany

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Vestas

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish that designs, manufactures, installs, and services wind turbines for onshore and offshore electricity generation. Headquartered in , , the company operates globally across multiple continents and maintains the world's largest installed base of wind turbines under service contracts. Founded in 1945 by Peder Hansen as a manufacturer of industrial components including bearings and , Vestas pivoted to in 1979 with its first installations and refocused exclusively on the sector by 1989 amid growing demand for renewable power technologies. Key milestones include achieving 50 gigawatts of cumulative installed capacity by 2012 and deploying multi-megawatt platforms, such as the 2 MW and 4 MW models, across over 50 countries. While Vestas has driven advancements in and scale, it has encountered operational challenges, including structural failures at select projects and contractual disputes over international supply chains, leading to enhanced measures.

Overview

Founding and Corporate Structure

Vestas Wind Systems A/S traces its origins to a blacksmith workshop established in 1898 by Hans Søren Hansen in , which initially focused on for local needs. In 1945, Hansen's son Peder Hansen founded VEstjysk STaalteknik A/S, commonly shortened to Vestas, beginning with production of household appliances such as milk urn coolers. The company expanded into agricultural equipment, steel window frames via Dansk Staalvindue Industri in 1928, and by 1968 was exporting hydraulic cranes to 65 countries, with 96% of production directed abroad. Vestas Wind Systems A/S operates as a Danish (A/S), a form of public , headquartered in , . The firm went public with a listing on in 1998 under the VWS, enabling broad institutional . As of recent disclosures, major shareholders include institutional investors like Inc., which holds over 5% of shares, reflecting a dispersed structure typical of publicly traded entities. Day-to-day management is directed by Group President and CEO Henrik Andersen, overseeing operations structured across six functional areas encompassing key business processes. This governance framework emphasizes accountability and , aligning with the company's transition from general to specialized wind energy solutions in the late .

Market Position and Installed Capacity

Vestas maintains a leading position in the global wind turbine industry, primarily through its cumulative installed capacity surpassing 193 GW as of October 2025, which includes over 10 GW in offshore deployments. This track record underscores its historical dominance in onshore wind, particularly in markets outside , where it commands approximately 34% of new installations based on 2024-aligned analyses. In , the global sector added 127 GW of new capacity, with Chinese original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) capturing 58.6% of the market and occupying the top three positions for the first time. Vestas ranked fifth globally in new installations, reflecting a 13% year-over-year decline amid pressures and regional , though it retained supremacy in non-Chinese onshore segments with over 10 GW connected in prior years. Vestas bolstered its position with at least 16.4 GW in turbine orders during , contributing to a robust backlog and signaling resilience in order despite installation headwinds. In offshore wind, where its share is smaller relative to onshore, Vestas is expanding through key contracts, including an 810 MW order for the U.S.-based Empire Wind 1 project, positioning it for growth in this segment.

History

Early Years and Transition to Wind (1945–1980)

Vestas was established in 1945 as VEstjysk STaalteknik A/S by Peder Hansen in Lem, Denmark, following the end of World War II, utilizing former German military barracks for production of household appliances. The company built on the Hansen family's earlier blacksmith operations, which dated to 1898 when Hans Søren Hansen founded a workshop in the same location, later expanding into steel window frames by 1928 through Dansk Staalvindue Industri. Initial post-war efforts focused on domestic manufacturing to meet local demand, leveraging regional agricultural and industrial needs. By 1950, Vestas secured a patent for a milk urn cooler, enabling exports to Finland, Germany, and Belgium, which capitalized on Denmark's dairy sector expertise. In 1956, the firm developed an intercooler for turbochargers in collaboration with Burmeister & Wain, a product that achieved significant commercial success. A major fire in 1960 destroyed offices and warehouses, yet the company recovered rapidly, constructing a new factory and expanding to 100 employees while increasing turnover. Hydraulic cranes emerged as the flagship export item by 1968, with 96% of production shipped to 65 countries, underscoring Vestas's growing international manufacturing capabilities in heavy machinery. The 1970s oil crisis prompted a strategic pivot toward alternative energy, with Vestas hiring engineer Birger Madsen in 1971 to explore innovations. Secret testing in 1978 initially failed, but with Karl Erik Jørgensen and Henrik Stiesdal yielded a viable three-bladed horizontal-axis . In 1979, Vestas installed its first commercial , the V10-30 model featuring a 10-meter rotor and 30 kW capacity, marking the company's entry into production. Mass production commenced in 1980 amid initial orders, including from U.S. firm Zond, but severe storms exposed structural weaknesses in the turbines, leading to a production halt. Peder Hansen intervened by canceling further operations and compensating affected customers for a year, highlighting early challenges in scaling unproven technology amid Denmark's variable weather conditions. This period laid the groundwork for Vestas's specialization in systems, transitioning from diverse to focused solutions by the decade's end.

Global Expansion and Technological Advancements (1980–2010)

In the , Vestas transitioned to of wind turbines following the development of its initial models, capitalizing on the early boom in deployments, particularly in where thousands of its 55 kW and 75 kW turbines were installed. By 1987, the company refocused exclusively on wind energy, establishing Vestas Wind Systems A/S and introducing the V27-225 kW turbine, which became highly successful, while securing initial international projects in through Danish aid initiatives. This period marked early global outreach, with exports to the facilitated by partnerships like Zond Systems sourcing European turbines. The 1990s saw accelerated expansion, highlighted by a 1990 record order for 342 turbines for the Sky River wind farm in and the sale of the 1,000th turbine in 1991, alongside market entries in , , and . Technological progress included the 1994 launch of the V44-600 kW featuring OptiTip and OptiSlip systems for improved grid stability and consistent output. In 1995, Vestas pioneered commercial offshore wind with the Tunø Knob farm in , installing ten 500 kW pitch-controlled turbines that remain operational, demonstrating early advancements in marine-adapted designs. By 1997, operations spanned 15 countries, bolstered by the V66-1.65 MW , then the world's largest commercial model capable of powering 1,000 households. Entering the 2000s, Vestas introduced the V80-2.0 MW turbine in 1999 with OptiSpeed technology optimized for variable wind conditions, followed by selection for the Horns Reef offshore project in 2001, deploying 80 V80 units to serve 150,000 households. The 2003 V90 series (1.8 MW, 2.0 MW, and 3.0 MW models) enhanced efficiency and cost-effectiveness through scaled rotor designs. Global reach expanded with entries into Costa Rica and Iran in 2001, culminating in the 2004 merger with NEG Micon, which elevated market share to 32% and integrated complementary technologies. By 2007, new factories were established in key markets to support logistics and demand, sustaining growth through 2010 amid rising installed capacity.

Modern Challenges and Strategic Shifts (2010–2025)

In the early s, Vestas encountered significant financial headwinds stemming from the global economic downturn and oversupply in the wind sector. The company reported an unexpected operating loss of €148 million in the second quarter of , reversing a €78 million profit from the prior year, prompting a downward revision of its annual outlook and a 20% plunge in share price. Losses persisted into 2013, with a second-quarter net loss of €62 million exceeding analyst expectations, leading to the replacement of CEO Ditlev Engel with Runevad to steer recovery efforts. These pressures were compounded by reductions in and project delays, though Vestas preserved its market leadership amid . Intensifying competition from Chinese turbine manufacturers emerged as a core challenge by the mid-2010s, eroding Vestas' global share through aggressive pricing and scale advantages. By 2023, Chinese firms , Envision, MingYang, and Windey occupied the top four spots in global market share, displacing Vestas to fifth place, with Chinese dominance extending to offshore segments via larger-capacity models like 16-18 MW prototypes. European manufacturers, including Vestas, faced margin compression from this influx, prompting debates over security risks in Chinese equipment—though Vestas itself operates thousands of turbines in without similar scrutiny—and calls for protective measures like tariffs. Supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, and policy volatility further strained operations into the 2020s, particularly in ramping up U.S. and European for models like the V174 offshore . U.S. political uncertainty, including threats and permitting delays, contributed to a 44% drop in second-quarter 2025 order intake to 2,009 MW. Despite these, Vestas achieved profitability recovery, posting a second-quarter 2025 operating profit while upholding its full-year guidance of €18-20 billion revenue and 4-7% EBIT margin before special items. To address these pressures, Vestas pivoted toward technological differentiation and ecosystem expansion. The company deepened offshore focus with high-capacity platforms, securing orders for the V236-15.0 MW turbine in 2025, and enhanced through supplier partnerships targeting emissions reductions and flexibility. In 2020, it launched Vestas Ventures, a strategic arm to collaborate with startups on innovations, aiming to accelerate deployment and counter risks. These shifts, alongside cost discipline, positioned Vestas to navigate Chinese dominance by emphasizing premium efficiency and service reliability over low-cost competition.

Operations

Manufacturing Facilities and Supply Chain

Vestas maintains a global network of manufacturing facilities focused on producing wind turbine components such as blades, , and generators. These sites are distributed across , , , and to support regional markets and reduce costs. In , key facilities include blade production in and Lem, nacelle assembly in Ringkøbing and Munkebo, and spare parts repair in . hosts generator manufacturing in , while and produce blades in and Daimiel, respectively. In Asia, China’s Tianjin site manufactures blades, generators, and nacelles, and India’s facilities in Chennai and Ahmedabad handle nacelles and blades. The United States operates blade and nacelle plants in Windsor and Brighton, Colorado, with additional assembly capabilities in Pueblo. Brazil’s Aquiraz facility focuses on assembly. The United Kingdom produces blades on the Isle of Wight. Vestas has faced capacity adjustments, including ceasing production at select European sites like Lauchhammer, Germany; Viveiro, Spain; and Esbjerg, Denmark, to align with demand shifts. In October 2025, plans for a new blade factory in Poland were shelved due to subdued European offshore wind demand. Vestas' supply chain involves thousands of global suppliers, with components and raw materials accounting for over 80% of a turbine's . The company enforces a Supplier , conducts EcoVadis assessments, and collaborates on emissions reductions in towers, blades, and transport since 2020. Key suppliers include CS Wind Corporation for towers and TPI Composites for blades. In , Vestas expended nearly $2 billion across more than 1,000 U.S. suppliers, stimulating local economies. To enhance integration, Vestas unified its , , and organization in May , aiming for end-to-end delivery improvements amid market volatility. Challenges include risks, regulatory compliance for supplier data, and decarbonization targets without offsets by 2030.

Service and Maintenance Activities

Vestas' service and maintenance activities focus on optimizing the performance, reliability, and longevity of wind turbines through comprehensive lifecycle support, including both Vestas-manufactured units and multibrand fleets. These operations encompass scheduled preventive maintenance, unscheduled repairs, parts supply, and advanced diagnostics to minimize downtime and maximize energy output. In 2024, the service segment reported revenue of €3,697 million, representing a 3.6% increase from €3,568 million in 2023, with an EBIT of €448 million and a margin of 12.1% before special items. The scope includes servicing over 59,000 turbines with a total capacity of 158 GW across 72 countries, supported by more than 12,000 dedicated technicians. Vestas employs Active Output Management® (AOM) packages for scheduled , which integrate and tailored plans to enhance and reduce costs. Unscheduled interventions address unforeseen issues via rapid response teams, often leveraging digital tools for remote monitoring and fleet-wide optimization. Full-scope Vestas-maintained wind farms have demonstrated up to 3% higher annual production compared to equivalent sites without such coverage. Complementary offerings include parts and repair services, drawing on over 40 years of expertise to provide cost-effective onsite solutions and complete component replacements, including blades from various manufacturers. Digital services enable customers to access on turbine performance, service orders, and parts inventory via platforms supporting over 100,000 components. Multibrand maintenance extends these capabilities to non-Vestas turbines, with tailored packages emphasizing uptime through scheduled inspections and flexible repairs. A service order backlog of €36.8 billion as of 2024, with contracts averaging 11 years and some extending to 35 years, underscores long-term commitments. Sustainability efforts in include transitioning to renewable-fueled vehicles, with 25% of the 6,676-vehicle fleet already using such options and a target of 100% by 2030, alongside zero-emission introductions from 2025. The global service market outside is projected to expand 8-10% annually through 2030, positioning Vestas to sustain growth amid rising operational demands.

Global Workforce and Regional Operations

Vestas employed 35,100 (FTE) workers at the end of 2024, increasing to 35,927 FTEs by the end of the first quarter of 2025, reflecting expansion in and service capacities amid growing demand. The workforce supports core functions including production, installation, and long-term service contracts, with approximately 16,000 dedicated to global service operations across 67 countries as of 2023 data. The company's operations are organized regionally, with significant concentrations in , , and . In , where Vestas originated, the largest employee base supports headquarters in Aarhus, Denmark, and multiple production sites including blade manufacturing in Nakskov and Lem, Denmark. Additional European facilities encompass nacelle assembly in and service hubs in , the , and Videbæk, Denmark, facilitating onshore and offshore projects. North American operations, centered in the United States and Canada, employ over 5,000 personnel focused on manufacturing, installation, and servicing more than 40,000 MW of installed capacity. Key sites include blade and nacelle production in Brighton and Windsor, Colorado, tower manufacturing in Pueblo, Colorado, and a new corporate office opened in Houston, Texas, in February 2025 to enhance regional coordination across four time zones from Portland, Oregon, to the East Coast. Remote operations centers in the U.S. monitor turbine performance alongside global counterparts. In and other emerging markets, Vestas maintains facilities for localized production and service, including in , , and the , with remote monitoring from centers in and the . and the & Africa regions feature smaller but growing teams, such as service operations in and approximately 270 employees in the & for market-specific adaptations. This distributed structure enables Vestas to address regional needs, regulatory variances, and project pipelines while optimizing for components.

Products and Technology

Key Turbine Models and Specifications

Vestas produces wind turbines primarily through its 4 MW onshore platform and EnVentus platform, with models optimized for various wind regimes and site conditions. The 4 MW platform includes turbines like the V136-4.5 MW, suited for low to medium wind sites, and the V163-4.5 MW for medium wind conditions, both featuring rotor diameters ranging from 117 m to 163 m and hub heights up to 166 m. The EnVentus platform, introduced in , integrates designs from prior platforms to offer higher capacities, such as the V150-6.0 MW and V172-7.2 MW with flexible power ratings up to 7.2 MW for low to medium wind sites. For offshore applications, Vestas' key model is the V236-15.0 MW, engineered for high-wind offshore environments with a 236 m rotor and compatibility with fixed-bottom and floating foundations, building on proven from the 9 MW platform. Earlier offshore models like the V164-8.0 MW, with an 164 m , a cut-in speed of 4 m/s, rated speed of 13 m/s, and cut-out at 25 m/s, have been deployed in multiple projects, though production has shifted toward larger capacities.
ModelRated Power (MW)Rotor Diameter (m)Key Features
V136-4.5 MW4.5136Low to medium ; +3% boost in permitted sites
V150-4.5 MW4.5150Medium ; 73.7 m blades, up to 150 m hub
V126-3.45 MW3.45126Medium with high
V172-7.2 MW7.2 (flexible to 6.5)172Low to medium ; IEC S class
V236-15.0 MW15.0236Offshore; all speeds, fixed/floating foundations

Innovation in Offshore and Onshore Wind

Vestas has advanced onshore wind technology through the EnVentus platform, introduced in 2019, which employs modular architecture integrating components from its 2 MW, 4 MW, and 9 MW platforms to enable customized turbines for diverse site conditions. This design facilitates variants such as the V172-7.2 MW turbine, featuring a 172-meter and enhancements in and conversion systems that yield up to 12% higher annual production (AEP) in low-wind sites compared to prior models. The platform achieves efficiencies of 84-87% and has secured over 19 GW in firm orders across 25 markets, with more than 11 GW installed, contributing to Vestas' cumulative 170 GW onshore capacity. Further onshore innovations include the 4 MW platform's V163-4.5 MW model, launched with an 163-meter diameter and 80.1-meter blades, providing an 18% larger swept area than the V150-4.5 MW equivalent and up to 10% increased AEP through optimized rotor-to-rating ratios for stable output in varied winds. Vestas also offers rotor upgrades for legacy turbines, potentially boosting AEP by up to 15% via larger blades, and participates in the CASTRO project to develop cable-stayed rotors for enhanced structural efficiency in onshore applications. In offshore wind, Vestas' V236-15.0 MW , unveiled in 2021 and type-certified in 2023, represents a pinnacle of scale with a 236-meter rotor , 115.5-meter blades, and 43,742 m² swept area, enabling up to 80 GWh annual production per unit—sufficient for approximately 20,000 European households—and capacity factors exceeding 60% over a 30-year design life. Built on EnVentus and 9 MW platform synergies, it incorporates a modular for serviceability and has amassed over 11 GW in orders, including the 810 MW Empire Wind 1 in the U.S. and Taiwan's 495 MW Fengmiao I. Vestas supports offshore via a 2023 chemical breakthrough for epoxy-based blades, enabling full circularity without design alterations and addressing the prior 10-15% non-recyclable fraction of turbines. With over 25 years of experience, including the 1995 Tunø Knob , Vestas has deployed more than 1,500 offshore turbines totaling 10 GW across 56 projects.

Research and Development Initiatives

Vestas maintains dedicated research and development facilities, including its primary R&D center in , , focused on advancing technologies for both onshore and offshore applications. The company allocates substantial resources to R&D, with expenditures totaling approximately 371 million euros in 2023 to support innovations in efficiency, materials, and digital integration. In 2024, these costs rose to 411 million USD, reflecting ongoing investments amid competitive pressures in the wind sector. Key initiatives emphasize modular turbine designs to enhance scalability and reduce installation times, alongside developments in high-capacity factor turbines aimed at maximizing energy output under fixed-price agreements. Vestas has pursued applications, filing patents in 2024 for models that analyze operational data from wind turbines to optimize performance and predict maintenance needs. Sustainability-focused R&D includes efforts to achieve zero-waste turbines, with current models already 85% recyclable, and programs targeting a 45% reduction in emissions intensity per megawatt-hour by 2030. Collaborations form a core part of Vestas' R&D strategy, such as partnerships with universities including the Center for Wind Power Drives for specialized research on transmission systems. In offshore wind, Vestas joined the Offshore Wind Industrial Growth Plan in 2024 with the National Composites Centre and Blade Composites Innovation to accelerate technology advancements and lower costs. Additional efforts involve drone for offshore inspections to cut emissions and operational expenses, as well as joint projects with Ørsted for net-zero wind farms using low-carbon towers and recycled materials. These initiatives prioritize empirical improvements in reliability and cost-effectiveness, drawing on from deployed turbines exceeding 132 gigawatts in global capacity.

Financial Performance

Vestas experienced volatile growth from 2020 to 2024, reflecting broader industry challenges including disruptions, geopolitical events, and fluctuating for turbines. increased from €14.8 billion in 2020 to €15.6 billion in 2021, a 5% rise driven by higher deliveries amid recovering post-pandemic markets, before declining to €14.5 billion in 2022 due to the exit from Russia-Ukraine operations and project delays. Recovery followed, with climbing to €15.4 billion in 2023 and €17.3 billion in 2024, representing year-over-year growth of approximately 6% and 12.4%, respectively, supported by stronger order intake and onshore project execution. Profitability, measured by EBIT margin before special items, mirrored this uneven trajectory, with margins contracting amid cost pressures and execution risks. The company achieved a 5.1% margin in 2020, dipping to 3% in 2021 as issues intensified, then plunging to -8% in 2022 from costs, offshore losses, and . Improvement ensued in 2023 at 1.5%, bolstered by cost controls and service segment gains, before rising to 4.3% in 2024 through enhanced project margins and backlog management, though offshore operations remained a drag.
YearRevenue (€ billion)Year-over-Year Growth (%)EBIT Margin Before Special Items (%)
202014.8-5.1
202115.65.43.0
202214.5-7.1-8.0
202315.46.21.5
202417.312.34.3
These figures highlight Vestas' resilience in scaling amid cyclical market dynamics, but profitability recovery has been gradual, constrained by high and dependency on execution efficiency rather than subsidies alone. Gross profit margins also fluctuated, recovering from 1.3% in 2022 to 8.3% in 2023, underscoring ongoing pressures from costs and warranties. Looking forward, 2025 guidance projects of €18-20 billion with a 4-7% EBIT margin, contingent on stabilization and .

Investment in Expansion and Cost Pressures

Vestas has directed substantial capital expenditures toward expanding its footprint and capabilities to capitalize on anticipated demand growth in onshore and offshore markets. Annual capital spending on capacity expansions and R&D has averaged €700–900 million in recent years, enabling the construction of new facilities and technological upgrades. In the United States, Vestas invested more than $1 billion to develop multiple sites in , enhancing local production for the North American onshore market. In , the company advanced its offshore capabilities in 2024 by broadening production in and initiating projects in , though it postponed its largest planned turbine factory in Poland in October 2025 amid subdued regional demand. Future commitments include a nacelle assembly plant slated for 2025 and an offshore blade facility targeted for 2026, aimed at bolstering efficiency and resilience against geopolitical disruptions. These investments align with Vestas' strategy to support revenue projections of €18–20 billion for 2025, driven by order backlogs and market recovery. Concurrently, Vestas contends with persistent cost pressures from volatilities and inflationary forces, which elevated input expenses by 5–7% in 2024 due to disruptions and fluctuations. Geopolitical tensions and shifting global trade patterns have exacerbated these challenges, prompting efforts to diversify suppliers and localize production. To counterbalance, Vestas implemented higher for turbines, yielding improved margins in 2025 despite operational hurdles from legacy low-margin contracts. The company anticipates stabilization in and costs for 2025, facilitating profitability gains as these projects conclude.

Outlook Amid Market Volatility

Vestas projects enhanced profitability for 2025, attributing gains to stabilized and transport costs alongside the wind-down of low-margin legacy projects completed in 2024. The firm anticipates full-year revenue of 18-20 billion euros, underpinned by a Q2 2025 performance that delivered 3.7 billion euros in quarterly revenue—a 13.6% year-over-year increase—with an EBIT margin before special items of 1.5%. Market volatility persists due to supply chain disruptions, elevated interest rates, and geopolitical tensions exacerbating in the wind sector, as evidenced by Vestas and competitors pausing offshore factory developments amid strained capacity and uncertain demand. These factors have pressured margins, though Vestas' net debt to EBITDA ratio stood at 0.0x by end-Q2 2025, reflecting financial resilience. Intensifying competition, particularly from state-subsidized Chinese manufacturers, heightens risks; Vestas CEO Henrik Andersen warned in July 2025 that inadequate EU protections and support could drive relocation of operations outside Europe. Counterbalancing these headwinds, a €67.3 billion order backlog as of Q2 2025—comprising €31.4 billion in turbine orders and €35.9 billion in service contracts—positions the company to pursue long-term goals of revenue growth exceeding market rates and EBIT margins of at least 10% before special items. Stock performance reflects cautious optimism, with shares rising 23.3% year-to-date through October 2025 amid broader clean energy sector fluctuations.

Environmental and Economic Impacts

Contributions to Energy Transition

Vestas has installed more than 193 GW of capacity globally, including over 10 GW offshore, enabling the integration of into power grids and supporting the reduction of reliance on fossil fuels. This cumulative capacity, achieved through deliveries to customers worldwide, represents a substantial portion of the operational fleet, with Vestas servicing approximately 59,800 turbines equivalent to 159 GW as of June 2025. These installations have facilitated the annual avoidance of 239 million tonnes of as of the end of 2024, based on displacement of conventional generation sources. The company's turbine designs exhibit energy payback periods of 5 to 8 months, meaning the produced exceeds the energy invested in , installation, and decommissioning within this timeframe for models such as the V117-4.2 MW and V150-4.2 MW. This rapid payback supports net positive contributions to energy systems over the typical 20-25 year operational lifespan of turbines. Vestas' focus on scalable onshore and offshore technologies has driven deployments in diverse regions, from to , aligning with policy-driven expansions in renewable capacity to meet decarbonization targets. Through ongoing service contracts covering 159 GW, Vestas ensures sustained performance, minimizing downtime and optimizing output via data-driven maintenance, which enhances the reliability of as a dispatchable renewable source when combined with grid advancements. These efforts have positioned Vestas as a key enabler in the shift toward lower-carbon mixes, with installed systems producing terawatt-hours of clean annually, though actual output varies by site-specific resources and capacity factors typically ranging from 20-40% for onshore installations.

Empirical Assessment of Wind Power Efficacy

Empirical assessments of efficacy highlight its limitations in providing reliable, high-capacity energy output due to inherent variability in wind speeds. Global onshore wind capacity factors, which measure actual energy production relative to maximum potential, averaged approximately 25-35% in recent years, with U.S. data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) indicating 37.2% for fixed-bottom onshore turbines in 2023, reflecting improvements from technological advancements but still far below dispatchable sources like (around 50-60%) or nuclear (over 90%). Offshore wind achieves higher averages of 40-50%, yet remains constrained by site-specific weather patterns and maintenance downtime. Intermittency poses significant challenges to grid reliability, as generation fluctuates unpredictably over hourly, daily, and seasonal scales, necessitating backup from plants or storage to maintain supply-demand balance. A study analyzing Spanish markets from 2009-2018 found that integration increased congestion costs and reduced overall system efficiency, with leading to welfare losses for consumers despite subsidies. Empirical models from the demonstrate that the marginal value of additional capacity declines sharply at higher penetration levels—often below zero in saturated markets—due to oversupply during peak winds and curtailment needs. In regions like , high variability has correlated with increased ramping of gas peakers, exacerbating instability without adequate ancillary services. On emissions, wind power yields net CO2 reductions when displacing coal or gas, with lifecycle analyses estimating savings of 500-1000 g CO2/kWh avoided, though real-world outcomes depend on grid composition. However, empirical evidence from the UK National Grid and U.S. operations shows minimal efficiency losses in fossil backups (under 1% from cycling), but system-wide integration requires overbuilding capacity by factors of 2-3 to achieve firm power equivalence, inflating true costs beyond standard levelized cost of energy (LCOE) figures of $30-50/MWh unsubsidized. Critics, drawing from first-principles grid physics, argue that excluding transmission upgrades, storage, and backup in LCOE understates system-level inefficacy, as evidenced by rising curtailment rates (up to 5-10% in high-penetration areas like California and Germany). Overall, while wind contributes to diversification, its efficacy as a primary energy source remains limited without complementary firm generation, evidenced by persistent reliance on fossils in wind-heavy grids.

Resource Use and Lifecycle Costs

Vestas wind turbines primarily consist of , iron, and other metals, which account for 80-90% of their total mass, with a representative V162-6.2 MW model comprising approximately 88% metals including , iron, , alloys, and aluminum, alongside 10% polymers and composite materials. Foundations for onshore turbines require substantial , typically 390,000 to 405,000 kg per MW, reinforced with 20,000 to 55,000 kg of per MW. Blades incorporate fiberglass-reinforced composites with resins, contributing to challenges in end-of-life , as current Vestas turbines achieve about 85% recyclability by mass, with ongoing efforts targeting zero-waste designs by 2040 through alternative material pathways. Rare earth elements, used in permanent generators, represent a smaller but critical resource input; Vestas offshore models employing gearboxes reduce rare earth usage by a factor of 5 to 10 per MW compared to direct-drive alternatives. Lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of Vestas turbines, conducted per ISO standards, quantify resource use from raw material extraction through manufacturing, installation, operation, and decommissioning. For instance, an onshore V136-4.2 MW plant's LCA reveals that manufacturing phases dominate resource consumption, with steel and concrete production driving the majority of cumulative energy demand and material inputs equivalent to 70-80% of total lifecycle environmental burdens. Operation and maintenance phases exhibit low resource intensity due to minimal fuel needs, though gearbox and blade wear necessitate periodic replacements, contributing 10-20% of lifecycle resource use over a typical 20-25 year lifespan. Decommissioning involves material recovery, but composite blade waste—projected to accumulate significantly by 2050—poses disposal challenges, with recycling rates currently limited by technological and economic barriers. Lifecycle costs for Vestas turbines reflect high capital expenditures driven by material-intensive manufacturing, with levelized cost of energy (LCOE) influenced by turbine scaling and site-specific factors. Empirical data indicate that upsizing from earlier 2 MW models to modern 6-15 MW units has reduced LCOE through in material efficiency, though upfront costs per MW remain elevated at approximately 1,000-1,500 EUR/kW for onshore installations, encompassing raw materials, fabrication, and transport. Operational costs are comparatively low, at 20-30 EUR/MWh, primarily from , but exclude externalities like grid balancing for ; total lifecycle costs over 20 years yield LCOE estimates of 30-50 EUR/MWh for favorable sites, per independent analyses of Vestas deployments. Decommissioning adds 5-10% to total costs, mitigated partially by metal value, though blade disposal expenses persist amid immature recycling infrastructure.

Controversies and Criticisms

Dependence on Government Subsidies

Vestas Wind Systems A/S, as a leading manufacturer of wind turbines, has historically experienced significant fluctuations in demand and profitability tied to subsidies for projects. In periods of subsidy reductions, such as in during the early , the company faced overcapacity, factory closures, and substantial losses, as reduced incentives diminished project viability and order volumes. For instance, the withdrawal of feed-in tariffs and other supports led to a contraction in the onshore market, forcing Vestas to idle production facilities and restructure operations amid declining installations. In key markets like the , Vestas' order intake remains sensitive to federal incentives, including the Production Tax Credit (PTC) and Investment (ITC) extended under the of 2022. Analysts project a potential surge in U.S. orders for Vestas turbines in 2025–2026 as developers rush to qualify projects before anticipated policy changes, such as phase-outs under Republican administrations, underscoring the role of these supports in sustaining near-term demand. Recent clarifications on eligibility rules have boosted Vestas' share price, reflecting investor perceptions of -driven revenue stability. Company performance metrics further illustrate this linkage, with share price movements closely tracking subsidy policy shifts and environments that amplify the cost-competitiveness of subsidized projects over unsubsidized alternatives. Vestas CEO Henrik Andersen has publicly stated that the industry should move beyond reliance on direct state , advocating instead for regulatory frameworks that ensure and grid prioritization to foster long-term viability without ongoing fiscal support. Nonetheless, from sector analyses indicates that subsidies remain a primary driver of project , enabling installations that would otherwise face higher levelized costs due to and integration expenses, thereby sustaining Vestas' sales volumes.

Technical Reliability and Grid Integration Challenges

Vestas wind turbines have encountered notable reliability issues, including multiple structural failures. At the 400 MW wind farm in the United States, three V120-2.2 MW turbines collapsed between April and November 2024, attributed to blade defects specific to the site, resulting in prolonged downtime and no injuries but significant operational disruptions. These incidents highlight broader challenges, as Vestas, alongside competitors like GE and , has faced unexpected defects necessitating extensive repairs. Empirical data indicate rising failure rates across the industry, with Vestas reporting a lost production factor approaching 4% in 2023 due to extraordinary repairs and upgrades on aging or scaled-up models. Offshore deployments have similarly suffered, with turbines at Vestas-equipped farms experiencing extended outages, leading to substantial power generation losses as of early 2025. Rapid scaling to larger turbines, such as those exceeding 15 MW, has strained and design processes, increasing fault risks from components like blades and gearboxes, where historical studies show gearboxes contributing up to 20% of downtime in onshore fleets. Grid integration of Vestas turbines presents challenges stemming from wind's inherent variability, requiring advanced inverter-based controls to maintain stability in weak or high-penetration networks. Vestas models comply with grid codes for fault ride-through and voltage support, yet empirical integration issues persist, including frequency fluctuations and curtailment in regions with limited transmission upgrades. For instance, offshore Vestas projects demand robust interconnection standards to mitigate power quality risks, but aging grid infrastructure—designed for dispatchable sources—exacerbates needs for storage or backups, as variable output from turbines like the V236-15.0 MW can strain system inertia. These factors contribute to higher system costs, with studies estimating that inverter-heavy grids require enhanced reactive power management to avoid instability during low-wind periods.

Geopolitical Competition and Trade Disputes

Vestas has encountered significant geopolitical competition from Chinese wind turbine manufacturers, which benefit from extensive state subsidies that European regulators argue distort global market competition. In April 2024, the European Commission launched an anti-subsidy investigation into Chinese suppliers providing turbines for wind parks in Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, and Spain, aiming to protect European producers like Vestas from unfairly priced imports. This probe followed earlier EU measures, including anti-dumping duties imposed in December 2021 on Chinese steel wind towers, valued at approximately €300 million in annual imports, to counter below-market pricing enabled by subsidies. Chinese firms such as Goldwind and Envision have captured leading positions in global installations by 2024, leveraging domestic subsidies that allow aggressive pricing in export markets, prompting concerns over Europe's increasing reliance on non-European supply chains for critical components. In the United States, escalating tariffs under the Trump administration have intensified trade pressures on imported wind turbine components, primarily from China and Europe. By August 2025, the U.S. initiated a probe into wind turbine imports, paving the way for potential tariffs up to 50% on an expedited basis, which could raise project costs and electricity prices for consumers. Vestas, with manufacturing facilities in Colorado and other U.S. sites, has positioned itself to mitigate these impacts through localized production, expressing confidence in its competitiveness despite warnings from CEO Hendrik Andersen that such tariffs would elevate global power prices. Earlier, in February 2025, a 10% tariff on Chinese goods disrupted turbine contracts worth $230 million, forcing renegotiations and highlighting supply chain vulnerabilities. Geopolitical conflicts have also triggered direct disputes for Vestas, notably in Russia. Prior to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Vestas had contracts for wind projects there, leading to arbitration with Finnish utility Fortum over terminated agreements; the parties settled in October 2024 without disclosing terms, but legal experts estimated significant financial losses for both amid force majeure claims. Broader tensions, including the Ukraine war, have disrupted Vestas' supply chains since 2022, contributing to writedowns and margin cuts, while ongoing U.S.-China trade frictions exacerbate component sourcing risks. Vestas' annual reports through 2024 underscore persistent geopolitical uncertainty as a drag on operations, though the firm has adapted by diversifying suppliers and emphasizing regional manufacturing to counter subsidy-driven competition and protectionist policies.

References

  1. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas
  2. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/VWS.CO/profile/
  3. https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/57398-68
  4. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/track-record
  5. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history
  6. https://www.forbes.com/companies/vestas-wind-systems/
  7. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history/from-2009-2020
  8. https://www.rechargenews.com/markets/multiple-vestas-turbine-collapses-keep-major-us-wind-farm-offline/2-1-1790494
  9. https://www.forbes.com/sites/sap/2024/03/19/this-wind-turbine-company-makes-quality-control-a-breeze/
  10. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/fortum-vestas-settle-dispute-over-russian-wind-energy-projects-2024-10-10/
  11. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history/from-1898-1970
  12. https://www.companieshistory.com/vestas-wind-systems/
  13. https://www.vestas.com/en/investor/share-and-capital-structure/share-information
  14. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-governance/our-management
  15. https://windletteren.substack.com/p/market-share-forecasts-wester-wind-oem
  16. https://www.gwec.net/gwec-news/wind-turbine-suppliers-deliver-new-record-volume-despite-difficult-year-full-of-diverse-challenges
  17. https://www.woodmac.com/press-releases/2024-press-releases/chinese-oems-sweep-the-global-wind-podium-for-the-first-time/
  18. https://www.woodmac.com/press-releases/2024-press-releases/global-wind-oem-marketshare/
  19. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1900927/vestas-tops-16gw-2024-wind-turbine-deals-order-completion-sprint
  20. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2024/vestas-secures-its-first-u-s--offshore-order-with-810-m-c4034915
  21. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history/from-1971-1986
  22. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2019/vestas-becomes-the-first-company-to-install-100-gw-of-w-c2963243
  23. https://www.halus.com/windturbines.html
  24. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history/from-1987-1998
  25. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/this-is-vestas/history/from-1999-2004
  26. https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/v/vestas_2007.pdf
  27. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/environment/vestas-posts-surprise-loss-and-cuts-outlook-idUSTRE67H1XI/
  28. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/18/vestas-wind-turbine-losses
  29. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-08-21/vestas-replaces-ceo-with-runevad-as-losses-widen
  30. https://strategicenergy.eu/turbine-manufacturers/
  31. https://www.yicaiglobal.com/star50news/2025_03_186805593774840872979
  32. https://www.rechargenews.com/wind/windey-chief-vestas-has-thousands-of-turbines-in-china-no-one-accuses-them-of-spying/2-1-1795324
  33. https://ecfr.eu/publication/last-gasp-securing-europes-wind-industry-from-dependence-on-china/
  34. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/general-meetings/2025/AGM2025_UK_slides.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  35. https://www.windsystemsmag.com/magazine/february-2025/
  36. https://renewablesnow.com/news/vestas-keeps-2025-outlook-even-as-us-uncertainty-deters-q2-orders-1280081/
  37. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1928729/vestas-turns-profit-us-woes-harm-new-wind-turbine-orders
  38. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/vestas-swings-second-quarter-profit-keeps-outlook-2025-08-13/
  39. https://supplychaindigital.com/sustainability/how-vestas-is-navigating-supply-chain-uncertainty
  40. https://windinsider.com/2020/11/30/vestas-launches-strategic-venture-investment-programme-to-accelerate-innovation-within-sustainable-energy-solutions/
  41. https://windtech-international.com/company-news/vestas-launches-strategic-venture-investment-programme
  42. https://seekingalpha.com/article/4813116-vestas-the-good-news-and-the-bad-news
  43. https://www.rechargenews.com/policy/vestas-ceo-on-chinese-turbines-different-world-today-than-24-or-48-months-ago/2-1-1857048
  44. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-locations/production
  45. https://choosecolorado.com/success-stories/vestas/
  46. https://www.jeccomposites.com/news/spotted-by-jec/vestas-intends-to-cease-production-at-three-european-factories/?news_type=announcement%2Cbusiness&end_use_application=renewable-energy
  47. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/18/vestas-shelves-polish-wind-turbine-plant-on-low-european-demand.html
  48. https://www.vestas.com/en/sustainability/supplier-sustainability
  49. https://us.vestas.com/en-us/manufacturing
  50. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2024/vestas-to-establish-a-united-technology--manufacturing--c3990462
  51. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/service
  52. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/service/maintenance
  53. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2024/fy-2024/Vestas%20Annual%20Report%202024.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  54. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/brochures/multibrand-services/Multibrand_Brochure.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  55. https://www.vestas.com/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial
  56. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2025/q1-2025/250506_15_Company_Announcement.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  57. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2024/fy-2024/Vestas%2520Annual%2520Report%25202024.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  58. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2024/fy-2024/Vestas%2520Tax%2520Sustainability%2520Report%25202024.pdf.coredownload.pdf
  59. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-locations/sales-and-service
  60. https://us.vestas.com/en-us
  61. https://www.nacleanenergy.com/wind/vestas-expands-into-u-s-energy-capital-with-new-office-in-houston
  62. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/brochures/mixed/ROC_202008.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  63. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/markets/vestas-strengthens-its-presence-in-eastern-europe
  64. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-locations
  65. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/4-mw-platform/v136-4-5-mw
  66. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/4-mw-platform/V163-4-5-MW
  67. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/enventus-platform
  68. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/enventus-platform/V172-7-2-MW
  69. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/offshore-wind-turbines/V236-15MW
  70. https://en.wind-turbine-models.com/turbines/318-vestas-v164-8.0
  71. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/4-mw-platform/v150-4-5-mw
  72. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/onshore-wind-turbines/4-mw-platform/V126-3-45-MW
  73. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/brochures/product-improvements/Rotor_Upgrade.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  74. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-partners/Partnerships/CASTRO
  75. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2025/vestas-wins-495-mw-offshore-order-with-v236-15-0-mw-tur-c4127286
  76. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2023/vestas-unveils-circularity-solution-to-end-landfill-for-c3710818
  77. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/offshore-wind-turbines
  78. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-locations/research
  79. https://www.statista.com/statistics/513743/vestas-research-and-development-costs-worldwide/
  80. https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/VWDRY/vestas-wind-systems-as/research-development-expenses
  81. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/technology
  82. https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/vestas-wind-systems-in-artificial-intelligence-theme-innovation-strategy-2/
  83. https://procurementmag.com/news/how-vestas-is-making-renewable-energy-more-sustainable
  84. https://sustainabilitymag.com/news/how-vestas-is-making-renewable-energy-more-sustainable
  85. https://www.vestas.com/en/about/our-partners/Partnerships/Our-university-partnerships
  86. https://www.compositesworld.com/news/ncc-bci-vestas-collaborate-to-enhance-wind-blade-technology-development
  87. https://stateofgreen.com/en/news/new-drone-partnership-aims-to-enable-automation-in-offshore-wind-operations/
  88. https://balticwind.eu/orsted-and-vestas-forge-industry-first-partnership-for-net-zero-wind-farms/
  89. https://www.paconsulting.com/client-story/vestas-driving-clean-energy-innovation-with-new-ways-of-working
  90. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2020/210210_01_Annual_Report_2020.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  91. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2021/vestas-annual-report-2021.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  92. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2022/2022%2520FY%2520Investor%2520presentation.pdf
  93. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2024/vestas-annual-report-2023---a-return-to-profitability-c3923785
  94. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2025/vestas-annual-report-2024---progress-in-a-challenging-y-c4100723
  95. https://stockanalysis.com/quote/cph/VWS/revenue/
  96. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2021/vestas-annual-report-2020---continued-leadership-in-a-c-c3283502
  97. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/company-news/2022/vestas-annual-report-2021---resilience-and-determinatio-c3503915
  98. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2024/fy-2024/Vestas%2520Investor%2520Presentation%2520FY%25202024.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  99. https://www.vestas.com/en/investor
  100. https://uk.investing.com/pro/WSE:VEST/explorer/gp_margin
  101. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/vestas-shelves-polish-turbine-plant-amid-weak-european-demand-ft-reports-2025-10-18/
  102. https://www.ainvest.com/news/vestas-strategic-expansion-europe-game-changer-renewable-energy-investing-2509/
  103. https://swotanalysisexample.com/products/vestas-swot-analysis
  104. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1885212/vestas-higher-wind-turbine-prices-prompt-significant-earnings-growth-%25E2%2580%2593-sydbank-analyst
  105. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/wind-turbine-maker-vestas-q4-profit-beats-expectations-2025-02-05/
  106. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2025/q2-2025/250813_20_Company_Announcement.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  107. https://breakbulk.news/siemens-gamesa-and-vestas-hit-pause-on-offshore-wind-factories-signaling-market-uncertainty-and-supply-chain-strain/
  108. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/european-electricity-review-2025/wind-sector-challenges-are-blowing-over/
  109. https://www.investing.com/news/company-news/vestas-q2-2025-presentation-revenue-grows-14-despite-order-intake-challenges-93CH-4187180
  110. https://www.rechargenews.com/markets-and-finance/vestas-chief-warns-eu-companies-like-ours-will-leave-without-right-support-and-protection/2-1-1843068
  111. https://www.ainvest.com/news/vestas-riding-wind-energy-boom-building-high-margin-future-2508/
  112. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/recent-gains-mean-vestas-23-042406743.html
  113. https://sustainabilitymag.com/articles/wind-power-inside-vestas-sustainability-initiatives
  114. https://www.vestas.com/en/sustainability/environment/energy-payback
  115. https://www.irena.org/Publications/2025/Jun/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024
  116. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988323006989
  117. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w17086/revisions/w17086.rev2.pdf
  118. https://iea-wind.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Task25-FactS-Stability-May2020.pdf
  119. https://iea-wind.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2014_WIW14_1114_Task25_CO2reductions_submitted.pdf
  120. https://medium.com/the-future-is-electric/wind-energy-reduces-co2-emissions-f968a5a66df
  121. https://www.lazard.com/media/uounhon4/lazards-lcoeplus-june-2025.pdf
  122. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435124005130
  123. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj6734
  124. https://www.vestas.com/en/sustainability/environment/materials-and-rare-earths
  125. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/sustainability/environment/2023_04_Material-Use-Brochure_Vestas.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  126. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/investor/reports-and-presentations/financial/2023/2023-annual-report/Sustainability%2520Report%25202023.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  127. https://apps.openei.org/REMPD/overview/wind
  128. https://www.vestas.com/en/energy-solutions/development/turnwindrecyclable
  129. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/sustainability/Zero-waste-turbines-by-2040
  130. https://ctmirror.org/2023/10/07/offshore-wind-turbines-rare-earth-metals/
  131. https://www.vestas.com/content/dam/vestas-com/global/en/sustainability/reports-and-ratings/lcas/LCA%2520of%2520Electricity%2520Production%2520from%2520an%2520onshore%2520V136-4.2MW%2520Wind%2520Plant_Final.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  132. https://legacy-assets.eenews.net/open_files/assets/2020/02/26/document_ew_02.pdf
  133. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921006164
  134. https://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/turbines.pdf
  135. https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/66861.pdf
  136. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-25/how-wind-giant-vestas-turned-its-fortunes-around
  137. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1923772/vestas-surge-us-wind-orders-republican-cuts-bite-%25E2%2580%2593-sydbank-analyst
  138. https://thebusinessdownload.com/vestas-soars-as-trump-tax-rules-seen-better-than-feared/
  139. https://seekingalpha.com/article/4786661-vestas-wind-systems-undervalued-or-without-value
  140. https://energywatch.com/EnergyNews/Renewables/article16500166.ece
  141. https://werover.com/news/a-consecutive-vestas-turbine-accident-in-the-us-safety-and-monitoring-in-the-spotlight/
  142. https://budsoffshoreenergy.com/2024/08/08/quality-control-is-a-big-challenge-for-wind-turbine-manufacturers/
  143. https://reneweconomy.com.au/wind-turbine-failure-rates-are-rising-has-the-industry-gone-too-big-too-fast/
  144. https://energywatch.com/EnergyNews/Renewables/article17885098.ece
  145. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/technology/-it-s-time-to-slow-down-on-turbines-if-we-really-want-to-scale-u
  146. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1302791/data-component-fault-rates-analysed
  147. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346499555_Challenges_and_solutions_for_integration_of_wind_power_in_weak_grid_areas_with_high_inverter_penetration
  148. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/energy-transition/reliable-grid-connection-with-vestas--electrical-models
  149. https://www.vestas.com/en/media/blog/technology/high-capacity-connection
  150. https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/87512.pdf
  151. https://cse.cigre.org/cse-n031/wind-power-integration-in-weak-grids.html
  152. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/eu-investigate-chinese-turbine-suppliers-wind-parks-2024-04-09/
  153. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R2239
  154. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chinas-dominance-wind-turbine-manufacturing-2024-04-10/
  155. https://www.rinnovabili.net/business/energy/wind-turbine-manufacturers-goldwind-envision-and-vestas-lead-the-market/
  156. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-08-21/us-launches-probe-of-wind-turbines-opening-door-to-more-tariffs
  157. https://energywatch.com/EnergyNews/Renewables/article17995938.ece
  158. https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/vestas-ceo-says-trumps-tariffs-push-global-power-prices-urges-calm-us-markets-long-term-prospects
  159. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-trump-administration-tariffs-us-onshore-wind-energy-keen-ie1uc
  160. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/vestas-fortum-resolve-arbitration-dispute-091336231.html
  161. https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1892818/vestas-fortum-lost-significant-amounts-money-arbitration-%25E2%2580%2593-legal-expert
  162. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/wind-turbine-maker-vestas-cuts-margin-outlook-due-ukraine-war-2022-05-02/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.