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Vikramavardhana
Vikramavardhana (Javanese: ꦮꦶꦑꦿꦩꦮꦂꦝꦟ, romanized: Wikramawardhana), often known by his regnal name Bhra Hyang Wisesa was a Javanese emperor and succeeded Hayam Wuruk as the fifth monarch of the Majapahit, reigning from 1389 to 1429.
His ksatria name was Raden Gagak Sali as stated in Pararaton. He was the nephew and also the son-in-law of the previous monarch, King Rajasanagara Dyah Hayam Wuruk. His mother was the king's younger sister, Rajasaduhiteswari or Wardhanaduhiteswari or Iswari in short. Krom interpreted it as "the illustrious Wardhana's daughter, Iswari". The term "Wardhana" referred to Prince consort Kertawardhana, husband of Queen Tribhuwana. She was given the title Bhre Pajang and married to Singhawardhana, Bhre Paguhan. According to Pararaton, Vikramavardhana had two younger sisters. The older one was Nagarawardhani, she would be the wife of Vikramavardhana's rival in the future. She was originally the Bhre Wirabhumi before the title shifted to her husband and she became Bhre Lasem. The younger was Surawardhani or Rajasawardhani. At first, she was either the Bhre Panawuhan or Bhre Panawan-awan then after a few rotations, her title was Bhre Kahuripan. Vikramavardhana himself was the Bhre Mataram. In contrast, Nagarakretagama only stated Rajasawardhani as a daughter of Iswari. Perhaps, Nagarawardhani was adopted by The Princess of Daha since her marriage was mentioned as childless in Pararaton.
The young prince was arranged to marry his cousin, Kusumawardhani, styled as Princess of Kabalan. He was no older than 12 and she was no older than 7 at that time. Nagarakretagama written in 1365 reported that they were already married besides King Rajasanagara was just 31 years old. The princess was the only child of the king by his primary wife, Paduka Sori or Sudewi. Vikramavardhana was appointed as heir apparent for his marriage to Kusumawardhani.
A succession conflict arose following the death of Vikramavardhana grandmother, Queen Regnant Tribhuwana (who held the title Princess of Kahuripan once again after her abdication), and her sister Rajadewi in the 1370s. Rajadewi's husband, Wijayarajasa carried out a separatist action by proclaiming himself as a new king with the regnal name Bhatara Parameswara ring Pamotan. King Rajasanagara (also known as Dyah Hayam Wuruk) was mentioned as ruled in Kedhaton Kulon means "the Western Court" while Prince Wijayarajasa was the head of Kedhaton Wetan or "the Eastern Court". Wijayarajasa's action started the Kedhaton Kulon and Kedhaton Wetan period. Hayam Wuruk refused to fight him as his only son from a concubine supported Wijayarajasa, perhaps because he felt more proper of inheriting the throne than Vikramavardhana. However, Hayam Wuruk gained the loyalty of most of the Majapahit's royal family members.
As heir-apparent, Vikramavardhana was the most likely to inherit the high prince title Bhre Kahuripan from his grandmother although it wasn't mentioned clearly in Pararaton. Another rotation resulted in the title Bhre Wirabhumi was gotten by Hayam Wuruk's son from a concubine inherited from his wife who was also Vikramavardhana's younger sister, Nagarawardhani.
After the death of Wijayarajasa in 1388 and Hayam Wuruk in 1389, the conflict became worse. In the Western court, Vikramavardhana ascended the throne over the legitimacy of Kusumawardhani as she was the only child of the late monarch born from the queen consort. On the other side, Bhre Wirabhumi succeeded Wijayarajasa.
King Vikramavardhana's co-reigned with Queen Kusumawardhani was challenged by Bhre Wirabhumi. Bhre Wirabhumi felt that he had a better right to be a successor since he was the only son of the late monarch despite his biological mother being a lesser wife or concubine. He was also mentioned as Po-ling-ta-ha or Putreng Daha (Putra-ing Daha) due to his adoption by Bhre Daha which didn't refer to either Hayam Wuruk's cousin, Indudewi, or his aunt, Rajadewi.
Deliberately not to recognize his sovereignty, Vikramavardhana bestowed the title of Bhre Lasem to Kusumawardhani even though at that time the title had been being held by his sister. According to Pararaton, there were two Princesses of Lasem during the Kedhaton Kulon and Kedhaton Wetan periods, and both of them were the new ruler's primary wives. Kusumawardhani, Bhre Lasem Sang Ahayu or "the Fair Princess of Lasem" of western court and Nagarawardhani, Bhre Lasem Sang Alemu or "the Fat Princess of Lasem" of eastern court.
Vikramavardhana
Vikramavardhana (Javanese: ꦮꦶꦑꦿꦩꦮꦂꦝꦟ, romanized: Wikramawardhana), often known by his regnal name Bhra Hyang Wisesa was a Javanese emperor and succeeded Hayam Wuruk as the fifth monarch of the Majapahit, reigning from 1389 to 1429.
His ksatria name was Raden Gagak Sali as stated in Pararaton. He was the nephew and also the son-in-law of the previous monarch, King Rajasanagara Dyah Hayam Wuruk. His mother was the king's younger sister, Rajasaduhiteswari or Wardhanaduhiteswari or Iswari in short. Krom interpreted it as "the illustrious Wardhana's daughter, Iswari". The term "Wardhana" referred to Prince consort Kertawardhana, husband of Queen Tribhuwana. She was given the title Bhre Pajang and married to Singhawardhana, Bhre Paguhan. According to Pararaton, Vikramavardhana had two younger sisters. The older one was Nagarawardhani, she would be the wife of Vikramavardhana's rival in the future. She was originally the Bhre Wirabhumi before the title shifted to her husband and she became Bhre Lasem. The younger was Surawardhani or Rajasawardhani. At first, she was either the Bhre Panawuhan or Bhre Panawan-awan then after a few rotations, her title was Bhre Kahuripan. Vikramavardhana himself was the Bhre Mataram. In contrast, Nagarakretagama only stated Rajasawardhani as a daughter of Iswari. Perhaps, Nagarawardhani was adopted by The Princess of Daha since her marriage was mentioned as childless in Pararaton.
The young prince was arranged to marry his cousin, Kusumawardhani, styled as Princess of Kabalan. He was no older than 12 and she was no older than 7 at that time. Nagarakretagama written in 1365 reported that they were already married besides King Rajasanagara was just 31 years old. The princess was the only child of the king by his primary wife, Paduka Sori or Sudewi. Vikramavardhana was appointed as heir apparent for his marriage to Kusumawardhani.
A succession conflict arose following the death of Vikramavardhana grandmother, Queen Regnant Tribhuwana (who held the title Princess of Kahuripan once again after her abdication), and her sister Rajadewi in the 1370s. Rajadewi's husband, Wijayarajasa carried out a separatist action by proclaiming himself as a new king with the regnal name Bhatara Parameswara ring Pamotan. King Rajasanagara (also known as Dyah Hayam Wuruk) was mentioned as ruled in Kedhaton Kulon means "the Western Court" while Prince Wijayarajasa was the head of Kedhaton Wetan or "the Eastern Court". Wijayarajasa's action started the Kedhaton Kulon and Kedhaton Wetan period. Hayam Wuruk refused to fight him as his only son from a concubine supported Wijayarajasa, perhaps because he felt more proper of inheriting the throne than Vikramavardhana. However, Hayam Wuruk gained the loyalty of most of the Majapahit's royal family members.
As heir-apparent, Vikramavardhana was the most likely to inherit the high prince title Bhre Kahuripan from his grandmother although it wasn't mentioned clearly in Pararaton. Another rotation resulted in the title Bhre Wirabhumi was gotten by Hayam Wuruk's son from a concubine inherited from his wife who was also Vikramavardhana's younger sister, Nagarawardhani.
After the death of Wijayarajasa in 1388 and Hayam Wuruk in 1389, the conflict became worse. In the Western court, Vikramavardhana ascended the throne over the legitimacy of Kusumawardhani as she was the only child of the late monarch born from the queen consort. On the other side, Bhre Wirabhumi succeeded Wijayarajasa.
King Vikramavardhana's co-reigned with Queen Kusumawardhani was challenged by Bhre Wirabhumi. Bhre Wirabhumi felt that he had a better right to be a successor since he was the only son of the late monarch despite his biological mother being a lesser wife or concubine. He was also mentioned as Po-ling-ta-ha or Putreng Daha (Putra-ing Daha) due to his adoption by Bhre Daha which didn't refer to either Hayam Wuruk's cousin, Indudewi, or his aunt, Rajadewi.
Deliberately not to recognize his sovereignty, Vikramavardhana bestowed the title of Bhre Lasem to Kusumawardhani even though at that time the title had been being held by his sister. According to Pararaton, there were two Princesses of Lasem during the Kedhaton Kulon and Kedhaton Wetan periods, and both of them were the new ruler's primary wives. Kusumawardhani, Bhre Lasem Sang Ahayu or "the Fair Princess of Lasem" of western court and Nagarawardhani, Bhre Lasem Sang Alemu or "the Fat Princess of Lasem" of eastern court.