Rosa Yolanda Villavicencio Mapy (Latin American Spanish: [ˈrosa ʝoˈlanda βiʝaβiˈsensjo ˈmapi]; born 13 September 1962) is a Colombian economist and politician who has served as the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia since 8 July 2025, following the resignation of Laura Sarabia. She had served as Deputy Minister since 6 June, after Sarabia had nominated her on 28 May 2025 to replace resigning official Daniel Ávila.

Rosa Yolanda Villavicencio Mapy was born in Bogotá to a Colombian mother of indigenous descent and an Ecuadorian father; her mother had fled political unrest in Tolima in the 1950s. The family, living in difficult economic conditions amid the Colombian conflict, briefly moved to Ecuador between 1968 and 1971; her father spent three years in New York City as an undocumented migrant.

She pursued a bachelor's degree in Economics from the Cooperative University of Colombia in 1984. In 1987, after being fired because of her activities as a trade unionist and her affiliation with the Workers' Socialist Party [es], she relocated to the outskirts of Madrid, Spain. She has held a specialty in International Cooperation for Development from the Complutense University of Madrid, as well as a master's degree in Migration and Intercommunity Relations, since 2023.

In 1999, Villavicencio joined the Madrilenian wing of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and was elected to the Assembly of Madrid for the VIII Legislature (2007–2011), the first non-Spanish woman to hold the position in Madrid and the second in Spain overall. As a parliamentarian, she was a member of various committees, including Education, Women, and Immigration. She has also written op-eds for multiple publications, including El Plural.

Before taking up the office of Deputy Minister, Villavicencio had worked at the District Government Secretariat (2015–2016) and as president (1997–?) and secretary-general (2016–2022) of the Spanish NGO AESCO [es] (America, Spain, Solidarity and Cooperation), which she co-founded; she has been employed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2022, as, among other things, the coordinator of the working group Colombia nos une ("Colombia Unites Us"), which offers services to Colombians living abroad.

The choice of Villavicencio as Deputy Foreign Minister was met with some criticism for her limited knowledge of foreign languages and for lacking a diplomatic background, in contrast with Daniel Ávila.

In addition, she has been investigated for allegedly providing benefits to AESCO while working at the Ministry, in violation of the norms regulating conflicts of interest, and for purported mismanagement at Colombian consulates in Spain; she was nominated despite pending court decisions.

Villavicencio lived in Madrid, where she had moved with her husband and daughter (born 1984), for over twenty-five years. She became a naturalized Spanish citizen in 1994, but renounced her dual citizenship upon assuming the office of Foreign Minister, in accordance with Colombian law.