The 2006 Florida gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Governor Jeb Bush was term-limited, and could not run for election to a third consecutive term. The election was won by then-Republican Charlie Crist, the state's attorney general. The election was notable in that for the first time, the state elected a Republican governor in three consecutive elections.

Turnout for the 2006 election was down 8.5% from 2002 and down 2.7% from 1998. With Republicans holding the seat, the state's governorship avoided being part of the wave in which Democrats netted a gain of six governorships across the nation. This remains the last time that Charlie Crist won a statewide election in Florida, as well as the last election in which he ran as a Republican. This was the last time until 2022 that anyone was elected governor with a majority of the vote. To date, this is the last time Florida simultaneously elected a United States Senate candidate and a gubernatorial candidate of different political parties.

Jim Davis won the Democratic primary on September 5. Davis was the congressman from Florida's 11th congressional district and served in the Florida House of Representatives, where he also served as the majority leader. On September 13, Davis selected former state senator and 2002 gubernatorial candidate Daryl Jones of Miami as his running mate.

The Democratic primary turned heated as it approached primary day. Rod Smith attacked Jim Davis for a 1990 legislative vote denying restitution for two black men wrongfully imprisoned for murder. Davis countered that Smith was a "pawn" of the sugar industry, and that "big business" and special interests were funding many of Smith's attack ads.

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