The 2017 Boston Red Sox season was the 117th season in the team's history, and their 106th season at Fenway Park. They finished with 93 wins and 69 losses, the same record as their previous season, two games ahead of the second-place New York Yankees. It was also the team's first season in 15 years without David Ortiz, due to his retirement. The Red Sox won their second straight American League East championship, the first time the team won the division (which was established in 1969) in consecutive years; it was their ninth division title overall. In the postseason, they lost the American League Division Series in four games to the eventual 2017 World Series champions, the Houston Astros.

Reigning AL Cy Young winner Rick Porcello made his first opening day start of his career, going 6 1⁄3 innings, allowing three runs on six hits in the win. The Red Sox bats could only get one hit off of Pirates starter Gerrit Cole through 4 2⁄3 innings but then strung together six 2-out hits. Jackie Bradley Jr. started the rally with a triple of the right field wall, Pablo Sandoval legged out an infield single, Sandy León laid down a bunt down the third base line, Dustin Pedroia with a single down the middle, which plated Pablo Sandoval, Andrew Benintendi with a three-run shot in the Pirates bullpen and Mookie Betts reached second on another infield single and a throwing error by the shortstop Jordy Mercer. Hanley Ramírez made the third out and Cole's day was over. Pittsburgh got to Porcello in the seventh, where he gave up three hits and three runs, two of them inherited by Matt Barnes. Barnes eventually got out of the inning. Neither team would score in the remainder of the game and Craig Kimbrel closed out the game on one hit and one hit batsman.

In September 2017, the Red Sox were fined for their role in stealing signs from the rival New York Yankees. On February 4, 2020, MLB Network journalist Peter Gammons reported that former Red Sox player Chris Young, who left the Red Sox following the 2017 season, told him that Young was the mastermind of the Red Sox' Apple Watch scheme, telling him "I started the whole Apple Watch thing. I got it from when I was with the Yankees." Young later denied to SportsNet New York (SNY) that he told this to Gammons, and Gammons retracted his comments via Twitter, stating that Young's "word is gold." In reporting Young's denial, SNY also revealed that Young had in fact been interviewed by MLB officials as part of the 2017 investigation against the Red Sox and that multiple sources told the sports news agency that Young was in fact a leader of the team's 2017 Apple Watch scheme.

2017 ALDS (1–3): Boston lost to Houston

The Red Sox were the only American League team not to hit a grand slam during the 2017 season.

† postseason game

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Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; AVG = Batting average; Ref. = Reference