The 2017 Peru census (Spanish XII Censo de Población, VII de Vivienda y III de Comunidades Indígenas) was the twelfth national population census of Peru conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática from Sunday, 22 October to 5 November 2017. The total population of the Republic of Peru, was counted as 31,237,385, an increase of 10.7% or 2,068,499 people over the previous 2007 census.

Peru's next census is scheduled to take place from August to October 2025.

The census form had 47 questions referring to households and basic services, housing, methods of travel and formation of families; such as gender, disability and ethnicity. A question on ethnic self-identification was included in the 2017 census.

Comparison between the 2007 and 2017 census.

Responses are for the population of 12 years old and above.

Distribution of religious denominations.

Note: ‘Other’ religions such as Buddhist, Hindu, Islam.