The 4th Alpine Division "Monterosa" (Italian: 4ª Divisione alpina "Monterosa") was one of four divisions raised by Mussolini's Italian Social Republic. It existed from 1 January 1944 until 28 April 1945.

Monterosa is Italian taken from the name of the Monte Rosa, a mountain massif in the eastern part of the Pennine Alps, between Italy's and Switzerland's. Monte Rosa is the second highest mountain in the Alps and western Europe, after Mont Blanc.

The division was manned by Alpini troops, which were the mountain troops of the Kingdom of Italy, and later the Italian Republic.

The Division was formed from Italian POW's in Germany (16%) and new conscripts from Northern Italy (84%). It was trained in Germany and was ready for combat in July 1944.

The 20,000 men strong Division was then sent to Liguria and was from July to October 1944, part of the Army Group Liguria under Marshal Graziani. It made defensive preparations against a possible Allied landing and was also engaged in anti-partisan operations. In this period, many soldiers of the Monterosa deserted.

In October 1944, the Division was sent to protect the Gothic Line, arriving at the 29th and being attacked by the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in the Serchio area. The Monterosa Division also participated in the successful Italo-German Operation Winter Storm, the Battle of Garfagnana.

In February 1945 the larger part of the Monterosa Division was transferred to the Piedmont Alps, where it fought against French regular and partisan forces in the Second Battle of the Alps until the end of the war.

Four Italian officers of the Monterosa division were found guilty for the death of 33 forced labourers at Col du Mont Fornet in the Valle d'Aosta on 26 January 1945, who perished in an avalanche while forced to carry military supplies to a mountain outpost despite severe weather conditions. Two of the four officers were sentenced to a ten-year jail term but pardoned in a 1947 general amnesty.