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8 cm staal
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8 cm staal
The 8 cm staal is a 19th-century Dutch field gun. It replaced the 8 cm A. bronze. The steel barrel and carriage were made by Krupp in Essen, Germany. In turn the 8 cm staal would be replaced by the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. The '8 staal' was hastily brought back into service on the eve of World War II.
After the Franco-Prussian War the Dutch government bought an 8.4 cm Feldkanone Ord 1871 in Switzerland. This was a rifled breechloader field gun with a bronze barrel. The Dutch then started to produce it locally in 1874. In the Netherlands this gun would become known as the 8 cm A. Bronze. The 'A' (Achterlaad) distinguished it from the 8 cm bronze muzzle loaders, "8 cm" was short for 84 mm. Even while the first 8 cm A. Bronze were being produced, there was a strong debate about whether bronze was still suitable for gun barrels.
In the Summer of 1876 a Dutch artillery committee held comparative trials between their 8 cm A. Bronze and Krupp 87 mm steel breechloaders. The results were clearly in favor of the latter. The committee therefore recommended to procure steel guns, but nothing was done for some years. By 1879 the Dutch government had decided that the 8 cm bronze BL would be replaced by either a steel or a so-called steel bronze gun (see Franz von Uchatius). Meanwhile, three steel bronze guns were constructed in the second half of 1879.
On the budget for 1880 an extraordinary demand was made of 700,000 guilders for 60 steel bronze guns. It was accompanied by a remark that if the trial with the steel bronze gun failed, the minister would quickly buy an equal number of steel guns. In 1880 the Dutch trial with steel bronze guns for the army failed unexpectedly. Later in 1880, the defense minister then decided to buy an 84 mm gun from Krupp. It would become known as the 8 cm staal. This was generally abbreviated to '8 staal'.
The 8 cm staal became obsolete with the introduction of the Canon de 75 modèle 1897 in 1897. This was soon followed by the 7.7 cm FK 96 n.A., and the early M.02/03 version of the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 which the Dutch government bought, and which was later also produced locally.
In 1933 the 16th and 17th artillery regiments, which each still had 6 batteries of 8 cm Staal had these replaced by 2 batteries of Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. It meant that the 8 Staal was no longer part of the field army. The 8 cm Staal was then put in storage, but again put into use on the eve of World War II.
The barrel of the 8 staal was made by Krupp. It was a built-up gun barrel, with one coil pressed over the rear part for more half of the barrel. This makes the front part of the barrel significantly smaller than the wider rear, and enables easy distinction between the 8 cm A. bronze and the 8 staal. The form of the breech part of the barrel is very similar to that of the 8 cm A. bronze, here distinction between the two is clear from the position of the screw and handle which closes the breech. With the 8 staal its vertical position is above the center of the breech.(see picture) The breech itself was a Krupp type comparable to that used on the Dutch 12 cm Lang staal Lang and 15 cm Lang staal. The length of the 8 staal barrel was 2,300 mm. It weighed 450 kg. It had 24 grooves of 1.25 mm deep, progressing from 1.48 to 5.58 degrees at 25 cm before the muzzle, where the rotation became constant.
The carriage of the 8 staal was made of steel. It had a double elevation screw which permitted an elevation of 20 degrees and a declination of 5 degrees. The carriage did not allow for sideways adjustment of the gun. Instead a handspike (see richtspaak on picture) was stuck through a ring at the end of the carriage.
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8 cm staal
The 8 cm staal is a 19th-century Dutch field gun. It replaced the 8 cm A. bronze. The steel barrel and carriage were made by Krupp in Essen, Germany. In turn the 8 cm staal would be replaced by the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. The '8 staal' was hastily brought back into service on the eve of World War II.
After the Franco-Prussian War the Dutch government bought an 8.4 cm Feldkanone Ord 1871 in Switzerland. This was a rifled breechloader field gun with a bronze barrel. The Dutch then started to produce it locally in 1874. In the Netherlands this gun would become known as the 8 cm A. Bronze. The 'A' (Achterlaad) distinguished it from the 8 cm bronze muzzle loaders, "8 cm" was short for 84 mm. Even while the first 8 cm A. Bronze were being produced, there was a strong debate about whether bronze was still suitable for gun barrels.
In the Summer of 1876 a Dutch artillery committee held comparative trials between their 8 cm A. Bronze and Krupp 87 mm steel breechloaders. The results were clearly in favor of the latter. The committee therefore recommended to procure steel guns, but nothing was done for some years. By 1879 the Dutch government had decided that the 8 cm bronze BL would be replaced by either a steel or a so-called steel bronze gun (see Franz von Uchatius). Meanwhile, three steel bronze guns were constructed in the second half of 1879.
On the budget for 1880 an extraordinary demand was made of 700,000 guilders for 60 steel bronze guns. It was accompanied by a remark that if the trial with the steel bronze gun failed, the minister would quickly buy an equal number of steel guns. In 1880 the Dutch trial with steel bronze guns for the army failed unexpectedly. Later in 1880, the defense minister then decided to buy an 84 mm gun from Krupp. It would become known as the 8 cm staal. This was generally abbreviated to '8 staal'.
The 8 cm staal became obsolete with the introduction of the Canon de 75 modèle 1897 in 1897. This was soon followed by the 7.7 cm FK 96 n.A., and the early M.02/03 version of the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 which the Dutch government bought, and which was later also produced locally.
In 1933 the 16th and 17th artillery regiments, which each still had 6 batteries of 8 cm Staal had these replaced by 2 batteries of Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. It meant that the 8 Staal was no longer part of the field army. The 8 cm Staal was then put in storage, but again put into use on the eve of World War II.
The barrel of the 8 staal was made by Krupp. It was a built-up gun barrel, with one coil pressed over the rear part for more half of the barrel. This makes the front part of the barrel significantly smaller than the wider rear, and enables easy distinction between the 8 cm A. bronze and the 8 staal. The form of the breech part of the barrel is very similar to that of the 8 cm A. bronze, here distinction between the two is clear from the position of the screw and handle which closes the breech. With the 8 staal its vertical position is above the center of the breech.(see picture) The breech itself was a Krupp type comparable to that used on the Dutch 12 cm Lang staal Lang and 15 cm Lang staal. The length of the 8 staal barrel was 2,300 mm. It weighed 450 kg. It had 24 grooves of 1.25 mm deep, progressing from 1.48 to 5.58 degrees at 25 cm before the muzzle, where the rotation became constant.
The carriage of the 8 staal was made of steel. It had a double elevation screw which permitted an elevation of 20 degrees and a declination of 5 degrees. The carriage did not allow for sideways adjustment of the gun. Instead a handspike (see richtspaak on picture) was stuck through a ring at the end of the carriage.
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