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9×25mm Mauser
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9×25mm Mauser
The 9×25mm Mauser (or 9mm Mauser Export) is a cartridge developed for the Mauser C96 service pistol around 1904 by DWM. Mauser pistols in this relatively powerful caliber were primarily intended for export to Africa, Asia, and South America. The 9mm Mauser Export cartridge was produced specifically for Mauser pistols and carbines made from 1904 to 1914 and then later from approximately 1930 to 1945 for submachine guns chambered for this caliber.
The basis of this cartridge is the 7.63×25mm Mauser. The case length is the same as the 7.63×25mm Mauser, but the case is straight and does not have a bottleneck shape. This cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case.
Although Germany was not a primary user of firearms in this caliber, it was a major producer of it, both for commercial export and foreign military contracts. Pre-World War I production was for C96 Mauser pistols, but as war loomed, production was re-oriented towards calibers in official military usage. Demand for the cartridge returned in the 1930s, as it was used in several Austrian, Hungarian and Swiss submachine guns and machine carbines. German munitions companies DWM, Geco (Gustav Genschow & Co.) and RWS (Rheinische-Westfälische Sprengstoff AG) made this round through World War II. Various munitions factories in Austria and Hungary produced this round in the 1930s and 1940s as well as Kynoch, Fiocchi, Société Française des Munitions of Paris, France, and Greek Powder and Cartridge Co. of Athens, Greece. In Italy, the round was manufactured at the Giulio Fiocchi plant in Lecco, both during World War II for military purposes and in the 1950s and 1960s for limited commercial sale.
Mauser C96 pistols in this caliber usually have an indentation milled into the upper surface of the magazine's follower to facilitate feeding of the straight-cased 9×25mm cartridge cases. The rifling in the barrel has a unique 13.8 twist. In addition, the flat surfaces extending around the chamber are longer, to accommodate the higher pressures of the 9×25mm cartridge. Maximum average pressure using transducer method as per C.I.P. datasheet is 2600 bar. Examples of Mauser C96s in this caliber are rare, but are still occasionally found on the private collector's market.
In Africa, big-game hunter W.D.M. Bell carried a stocked C96 in 9mm Mauser Export as his personal sidearm, nicknamed "Bom-Bom". According to Bell, the "particularly vicious bang" of the 9mm Mauser intimidated hostile natives he encountered and "kept them dodging dust-bursts for four or five hundred yards".
In 1940, Mauser officials proposed using the C-96 as the vehicle for an upgrade to the 9×25mm cartridge to match the ballistics of the .357 Magnum. The upgrade would entail increasing the velocity to 450 m/s and introducing a crimp around the mouth of the case.
As the German Army seemed to show more official interest in DWM's P-08 Luger pistol than in their C-96, Mauser developed a new design in hopes of competing more successfully. This was the experimental Model 1906-08 (or C/06-08) pistol introduced in 1906, chambered in 9×25mm Mauser. This firearm had a similar layout to the C-96, with the magazine situated in front of the trigger group (although in the case of the C/06-08 this was detachable, coming in 6, 10 or 15 round capacities), but it used a flapper locking system that was considerably different. The pistol generated interest in some quarters, including with the German and Brazilian armies, but was never manufactured for commercial sale, and today only a few examples exist as museum or collector's pieces.
The 9×25mm Mauser returned to prominence after World War I as a viable, powerful cartridge for submachine guns. As Germany was restricted by the Treaty of Versailles from manufacturing certain small arms, it outsourced production to companies in other countries, including Belgium and Switzerland. Rheinmetall set up Waffenfabrik Solothurn in Switzerland to manufacture the MP19, an improvement on the MP18 designed by Louis Stange and Theodor Rakula. As Solothurn did not have the production capacity for large-scale manufacturing, Rheinmetall acquired a controlling interest in Waffenfabrik Steyr of Steyr Daimler-Puch AG, an established arms manufacturer in Austria, creating the business consortium Steyr-Solothurn Waffen AG. The Solothurn trademark changed from a single S to a double S with a W in the center.
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9×25mm Mauser
The 9×25mm Mauser (or 9mm Mauser Export) is a cartridge developed for the Mauser C96 service pistol around 1904 by DWM. Mauser pistols in this relatively powerful caliber were primarily intended for export to Africa, Asia, and South America. The 9mm Mauser Export cartridge was produced specifically for Mauser pistols and carbines made from 1904 to 1914 and then later from approximately 1930 to 1945 for submachine guns chambered for this caliber.
The basis of this cartridge is the 7.63×25mm Mauser. The case length is the same as the 7.63×25mm Mauser, but the case is straight and does not have a bottleneck shape. This cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case.
Although Germany was not a primary user of firearms in this caliber, it was a major producer of it, both for commercial export and foreign military contracts. Pre-World War I production was for C96 Mauser pistols, but as war loomed, production was re-oriented towards calibers in official military usage. Demand for the cartridge returned in the 1930s, as it was used in several Austrian, Hungarian and Swiss submachine guns and machine carbines. German munitions companies DWM, Geco (Gustav Genschow & Co.) and RWS (Rheinische-Westfälische Sprengstoff AG) made this round through World War II. Various munitions factories in Austria and Hungary produced this round in the 1930s and 1940s as well as Kynoch, Fiocchi, Société Française des Munitions of Paris, France, and Greek Powder and Cartridge Co. of Athens, Greece. In Italy, the round was manufactured at the Giulio Fiocchi plant in Lecco, both during World War II for military purposes and in the 1950s and 1960s for limited commercial sale.
Mauser C96 pistols in this caliber usually have an indentation milled into the upper surface of the magazine's follower to facilitate feeding of the straight-cased 9×25mm cartridge cases. The rifling in the barrel has a unique 13.8 twist. In addition, the flat surfaces extending around the chamber are longer, to accommodate the higher pressures of the 9×25mm cartridge. Maximum average pressure using transducer method as per C.I.P. datasheet is 2600 bar. Examples of Mauser C96s in this caliber are rare, but are still occasionally found on the private collector's market.
In Africa, big-game hunter W.D.M. Bell carried a stocked C96 in 9mm Mauser Export as his personal sidearm, nicknamed "Bom-Bom". According to Bell, the "particularly vicious bang" of the 9mm Mauser intimidated hostile natives he encountered and "kept them dodging dust-bursts for four or five hundred yards".
In 1940, Mauser officials proposed using the C-96 as the vehicle for an upgrade to the 9×25mm cartridge to match the ballistics of the .357 Magnum. The upgrade would entail increasing the velocity to 450 m/s and introducing a crimp around the mouth of the case.
As the German Army seemed to show more official interest in DWM's P-08 Luger pistol than in their C-96, Mauser developed a new design in hopes of competing more successfully. This was the experimental Model 1906-08 (or C/06-08) pistol introduced in 1906, chambered in 9×25mm Mauser. This firearm had a similar layout to the C-96, with the magazine situated in front of the trigger group (although in the case of the C/06-08 this was detachable, coming in 6, 10 or 15 round capacities), but it used a flapper locking system that was considerably different. The pistol generated interest in some quarters, including with the German and Brazilian armies, but was never manufactured for commercial sale, and today only a few examples exist as museum or collector's pieces.
The 9×25mm Mauser returned to prominence after World War I as a viable, powerful cartridge for submachine guns. As Germany was restricted by the Treaty of Versailles from manufacturing certain small arms, it outsourced production to companies in other countries, including Belgium and Switzerland. Rheinmetall set up Waffenfabrik Solothurn in Switzerland to manufacture the MP19, an improvement on the MP18 designed by Louis Stange and Theodor Rakula. As Solothurn did not have the production capacity for large-scale manufacturing, Rheinmetall acquired a controlling interest in Waffenfabrik Steyr of Steyr Daimler-Puch AG, an established arms manufacturer in Austria, creating the business consortium Steyr-Solothurn Waffen AG. The Solothurn trademark changed from a single S to a double S with a W in the center.
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