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Abigail Hopper Gibbons
Abigail Hopper Gibbons, née Abigail Hopper (December 7, 1801 – January 16, 1893) was an American abolitionist, schoolteacher, and social welfare activist. She assisted in founding and led several nationally known societies for social reform during and following the American Civil War.
She grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in a Quaker family. Her father, Isaac Hopper, opposed slavery (as did many among Quakers by then) and aided fugitive slaves. She grew to share her father's beliefs and spent much of her life working for social reform in several fields. In 1841, the New York Monthly Meeting disowned Gibbons' father and husband for their anti-slavery writing. Abigail Gibbons resigned the following year, also removing her minor children.
Gibbons was prominent during and after the American Civil War. Her work in Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and New York City was for civil rights and education for Black Americans, prison reform for women, medical care for Union officers during the war, aid to veterans returning from the war, to help them find work; and welfare. Because Gibbons was a known abolitionist, her house was among those attacked and destroyed during the New York City draft riots of July 1863.
Abigail Hopper was born in Philadelphia in 1801, the third of ten children. She was informally called Abby. Both her parents were proud abolitionists. Her father, Isaac Tatem Hopper, was of the Hicksite branch of Quakers. Her mother, Sarah Tatum Hopper, became a recommended minister for the Society of Friends and oversaw schools for black children, along with a committee.
Pennsylvania had abolished slavery and many free people of color lived in Philadelphia. Her father became an active and leading member of The Pennsylvania Abolition Society. He often directly confronted slave kidnappers, who frequented Philadelphia and sometimes kidnapped free blacks for sale into slavery, as well as capturing fugitive slaves to return to their masters for bounties. Called upon to protect the rights of African Americans, Isaac Hopper and his wife garnered a reputation as friends and advisers of the "oppressed race" in all emergencies. The Hoppers also sheltered many poor Quakers in their house, despite their own family's large size and the father's unstable financial status. From their early years, their children were called to aid others.[citation needed]
Both of Hopper's parents came from historically Quaker families and raised their children in that religion. Hopper and her siblings attended Friends' schools while growing up, and lived with these beliefs. In 1821, she also founded a school that practiced Quaker beliefs. On June 26 1827, Abigail, along with her siblings and parents transferred their membership to the Darby Friends Meeting. In 1830, Hopper moved to New York and became a teacher at a Quaker school.
Abigail grew up to share her parents' abolitionist sentiments. She worked with well-known abolitionists of her time, including Lydia Maria Child, Sarah Moore Grimké, William Lloyd Garrison, and Theodore Dwight Weld. Hopper joined the Manhattan Anti-Slavery Society in 1841, which was then a predominately African-American organization in membership. It protested all-white memberships of other abolition societies, including the Ladies' New York City Anti-Slavery Society.
On February 14, 1833, Abigail Hopper married James Sloan Gibbons, a fellow Hicksite Quaker from New York, who was also an ardent abolitionist in New York City. In 1836, the couple moved to New York City. They had six children together - William, Sarah, Julia, Lucy, Isaac, and James. Isaac and James died in infancy. William died suddenly after an accident while he was attending Harvard University. Their daughters included Sarah Hopper Emerson, who published an edited collection of her mother's letters and a short biography of her; and Lucy Gibbons Morse (who married James Herbert Morse and had a family).
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Abigail Hopper Gibbons
Abigail Hopper Gibbons, née Abigail Hopper (December 7, 1801 – January 16, 1893) was an American abolitionist, schoolteacher, and social welfare activist. She assisted in founding and led several nationally known societies for social reform during and following the American Civil War.
She grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in a Quaker family. Her father, Isaac Hopper, opposed slavery (as did many among Quakers by then) and aided fugitive slaves. She grew to share her father's beliefs and spent much of her life working for social reform in several fields. In 1841, the New York Monthly Meeting disowned Gibbons' father and husband for their anti-slavery writing. Abigail Gibbons resigned the following year, also removing her minor children.
Gibbons was prominent during and after the American Civil War. Her work in Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and New York City was for civil rights and education for Black Americans, prison reform for women, medical care for Union officers during the war, aid to veterans returning from the war, to help them find work; and welfare. Because Gibbons was a known abolitionist, her house was among those attacked and destroyed during the New York City draft riots of July 1863.
Abigail Hopper was born in Philadelphia in 1801, the third of ten children. She was informally called Abby. Both her parents were proud abolitionists. Her father, Isaac Tatem Hopper, was of the Hicksite branch of Quakers. Her mother, Sarah Tatum Hopper, became a recommended minister for the Society of Friends and oversaw schools for black children, along with a committee.
Pennsylvania had abolished slavery and many free people of color lived in Philadelphia. Her father became an active and leading member of The Pennsylvania Abolition Society. He often directly confronted slave kidnappers, who frequented Philadelphia and sometimes kidnapped free blacks for sale into slavery, as well as capturing fugitive slaves to return to their masters for bounties. Called upon to protect the rights of African Americans, Isaac Hopper and his wife garnered a reputation as friends and advisers of the "oppressed race" in all emergencies. The Hoppers also sheltered many poor Quakers in their house, despite their own family's large size and the father's unstable financial status. From their early years, their children were called to aid others.[citation needed]
Both of Hopper's parents came from historically Quaker families and raised their children in that religion. Hopper and her siblings attended Friends' schools while growing up, and lived with these beliefs. In 1821, she also founded a school that practiced Quaker beliefs. On June 26 1827, Abigail, along with her siblings and parents transferred their membership to the Darby Friends Meeting. In 1830, Hopper moved to New York and became a teacher at a Quaker school.
Abigail grew up to share her parents' abolitionist sentiments. She worked with well-known abolitionists of her time, including Lydia Maria Child, Sarah Moore Grimké, William Lloyd Garrison, and Theodore Dwight Weld. Hopper joined the Manhattan Anti-Slavery Society in 1841, which was then a predominately African-American organization in membership. It protested all-white memberships of other abolition societies, including the Ladies' New York City Anti-Slavery Society.
On February 14, 1833, Abigail Hopper married James Sloan Gibbons, a fellow Hicksite Quaker from New York, who was also an ardent abolitionist in New York City. In 1836, the couple moved to New York City. They had six children together - William, Sarah, Julia, Lucy, Isaac, and James. Isaac and James died in infancy. William died suddenly after an accident while he was attending Harvard University. Their daughters included Sarah Hopper Emerson, who published an edited collection of her mother's letters and a short biography of her; and Lucy Gibbons Morse (who married James Herbert Morse and had a family).
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