Abdul Quader Mollah (Bengali: আব্দুল কাদের মোল্লা; 14 August 1948 – 12 December 2013) was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer, and politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, who was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh (ICT) set up by the government of Bangladesh and hanged.

Quader Mollah was convicted on five of six counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes at his trial on 5 February 2013. A member of the Al-Badr militia during the Bangladesh War of Independence and Bangladesh genocide, he was convicted of killing 344 civilians among many other war crimes, and was sentenced to life in prison. This led to the 2013 Shahbag protests which demanded capital punishment for all convicted war criminals and the disbandment of Jamaat-e-Islami. Jamaat-e-Islami started a large counter-protest in the country, demanding the release of its convicted and accused leaders.

On 17 September 2013, after an amendment to the ICT law allowing the government, complainant, or informant to appeal an order of acquittal or order of sentencing, the Bangladesh Supreme Court ruled Quader Mollah guilty of murders and other war crimes, and converted his life sentence to a death sentence. He was scheduled to be executed by hanging on 11 December. Due to more legal challenges, the execution was suspended and then upheld; he was executed on 12 December. He was the first person that was executed for war crimes and human rights violations that were committed during the Bangladesh War of Independence.

Quader Mollah had unsuccessfully stood for parliament in 1986 and 1996, contesting the seat Faridpur-4 for Jamaat-e-Islami.

Abdul Quader Mollah was born in the village of Amirabad, Faridpur, in 1948. He attended school at Amirabad Fazlul Huq Institute. He passed the H.S.C examination in 1966 and did BSc in 1968 from Rajendra College. While studying, he was elected president of the Shahidullah Hall unit of the student wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, the East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha. Quader Mollah worked as a senior teacher at Rifles Public School and College (now Bir Shreshtha Noor Mohammad Public College). He later became the acting principal of the institute for a short period during the government of Ziaur Rahman. He was elected as the vice president of Dhaka Journalists' Union for two consecutive terms in 1982 and 1983. Quader Mollah was married to Sanowara Jahan Peyari.

In 1971, Jamaat leaders opposed the independence movement which hoped for an independent Bangladesh. As a member of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha, Quader Mollah joined a paramilitary force, Al-Badr, during the Bangladesh War of Independence. He was known as the Butcher of Mirpur during the war. Bangladesh achieved independence that year and eventually Jamaat and all Islamist and religion-based parties were banned from political participation under the new government.^{[citation needed]}

After the assassination of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1975 and military coups, the new government permitted Jamaat to participate in politics again. Quader Mollah became active in the party. By 2010, he was assistant secretary general of the party. He was expelled from the Bangladesh National Press Club in 2013. In 1996, prior to the controversial February elections, he was arrested along with Awami League leader Tofael Ahmed under the Special Powers Act, 1974.

As the verdict of a ruling asked by Bangladesh Supreme Court, the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami was cancelled on 1 August 2013.