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African Americans in Alabama

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African Americans in Alabama

African Americans in Alabama or Black Alabamians are residents of the state of Alabama who are of African American ancestry. They have a history in Alabama from the era from before statehood through the American Civil War, the emancipation, the Reconstruction era, a resurgence of white supremacy with the Ku Klux Klan and Jim Crow laws, the Civil Right movement, and into recent decades. According to the 2020 Census, approximately 25.8% of Alabama's population is African American.

African Americans are Americans of African descent. People of African descent first arrived in Alabama as apart of the Spanish conquest of La Florida (which included Alabama) in the 16th century. The first documented Africans in Alabama arrived with Hernando de Soto. After the Spanish San Franciscans arrived in St. Augustine, Florida in 1573, they started moving northward and eastward into the Alabama area. The majority of African slaves were brought to Alabama during the slave trade, and existed in Alabama even before it became a state in 1819.

In 1814, African Americans from Alabama fought alongside Creek Indians at the "Battle of Enchanachaca" in Alabama where U.S military officers described them as their “most desperate foe”.

In 1860 the last documented slave ship the Clotilda arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, with 110 African captives from the Kingdom of Dahomey in West Africa.

William V. Chambliss (1866–1928) was a businessman and farmer in Macon County who served on the agriculture faculty at Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University); he was the wealthiest African Americans living in Alabama in the 1920s.

In 1890, The Penny Savings Bank, the first black-owned and black-operated financial institution in Alabama, was founded by William R. Pettiford.

In 1997, the 19,077 businesses owned by black people in Alabama generated around $1 billion in revenue and employed 13,232 people. Businesses owned by black people made up 6.7% of all non-farm businesses in Alabama placing Alabama ninth in the United States for the percentage of black businesses.

In 2010, 15% of white Alabamians, which was 487,100, were in poverty while 37% of black Alabamians were in poverty, which was 457,900. In 2013, the median household income in Alabama was $42,849, the average white household income was $49,465 while the black household income was $29,210. The national median household income was $52,250, the average white household income was $55,867 while the black household income was $34,815.

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