Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks
Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks
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Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks

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Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks

Allegations have been made that the October 7 attacks were conducted with genocidal intent toward Israelis, and that it constituted a genocide or a genocidal massacre (or a wave of such massacres). In the course of the assault, Palestinian militants attacked communities, a music festival, and military bases in the region of southern Israel known as the Gaza envelope. The attack resulted in the deaths of 1,163 Israelis and foreigners, two thirds of whom were civilians. The genocidal acts that were said to have been committed include mass killings, dismemberment, infliction of serious bodily and mental harm, immolation, rape and sexual violence, and decapitation.

Various legal experts and genocide studies scholars cite a multitude of reasonings for their allegation of genocide, including claims that victims were targeted for their Israeli-Jewish identity, that Hamas still adheres to the antisemitic language of its founding charter, or that the alleged intent to destroy the Israeli people "in part" fits the legal definition of genocide. Comparisons of the attack to the Holocaust have been made. Criticisms against the allegation include citing the taking of hostages as proof that there was no genocidal intent, or that the attack was likely intended as a terrorist attack.

A legal complaint that Hamas committed genocide was brought to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in November 2023. An ICC arrest warrant for Hamas leader Mohammed Deif claimed that the group committed extermination.

Both Israel and Palestine frequently accuse the other of planning to commit genocide. American counterterrorism analyst Bruce Hoffman, writing for The Atlantic, suggested the attacks were carried out with genocidal intent, pointing to Hamas' founding charter from 1988, which called for the destruction of Israel and featured antisemitic language.

On October 7, 2023, coinciding with the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, Hamas launched a surprise attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip. Around 6,000 Palestinians breached the border in 119 places and infiltrated Israel, including 3,800 from the Hamas "elite Nukhba forces" and 2,200 Palestinian civilians and other militants. 1,163 Israelis and foreigners were killed, including 859 civilians, 282 soldiers, 57 policemen and 10 Shin Bet members.

The militants stand accused of various atrocities, including sexual violence. About 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were also taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip, including 30 kidnapped children. The Hamas assault prompted an Israeli counter-offensive in Gaza. The day is considered the bloodiest in Israel's history and the largest massacre of Jews since the Holocaust.

Al-Qassam militants extensively recorded their actions through body cameras, probably for propaganda purposes. They also stole victims' phones to livestream their deaths on social media. Additionally, they posted messages or media on victims' social media accounts and went as far as calling relatives to taunt them.

Documents discovered on the bodies of Hamas operatives in Israel indicated that carrying out massacres was a key objective of the invasion. Israeli first responders reportedly found instructions on the bodies of the operatives, directing them to target civilian populations, including elementary schools and a youth center, with the explicit order to "kill as many people as possible". The documents also outlined the directive to take hostages for future negotiation purposes.

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