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Altissimo

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Altissimo

Altissimo (Italian for very high) is the uppermost register on woodwind instruments. For clarinets, which overblow on odd harmonics, the altissimo notes are those based on the fifth, seventh, and higher harmonics. For other woodwinds, the altissimo notes are those based on the third, fourth, and higher harmonics.

On the Boehm system flute, the first altissimo note, D6, is played using the third harmonic of G4. Fourth harmonics are used for D6 through G6, and notes from A6 through C7 are played with fifth or sixth harmonics.

The flute fingering for the notes D6 through G6 are a combination of third and fourth harmonic fingerings. For example, the D fingering is similar to the low D4 with the addition of the G key vented, for which D6 is the third harmonic. Similarly, in the third octave, the E is a combination of E and A fingerings, the F is a combination of F and B, etc.

On the oboe, third harmonics are mainly used.

On clarinets, fifth harmonics are used for the first six notes above the written C6; seventh and ninth harmonics are used beyond that.

For bassoons, the altissimo notes bear complicated harmonic relationships to the fundamental register.

Saxophone altissimo generally consists of the notes above the keyed range. Some instruments are keyed to a written high F, and some to F.

Altissimo is usually produced by using a combination of special fingerings and voicing techniques. These can include air stream, tongue, throat and embouchure variations to disturb the fundamental of a note, which results in one of the higher overtones dominating.

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