Alun-alun

An alun-alun (Javanese, correctly hyphenated but occurs occasionally without hyphen; also found as aloen-aloen, aloon-aloon, aloun-aloun, and erroneously alon-alon) is a large, central, open lawn square common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia.

Commonly, alun-alun in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton palace compounds.

Each kraton has two alun-alun: the most important and northern alun-alun lor and the less important and commonly smaller southern alun-alun kidul. The court of Pakubuwana in Surakarta is unique as it incorporates the alun-alun kidul within the defensive wall of the kraton proper.

The northern alun-alun lor functioned as the primary and most official entrance to the kraton. Javanese officials and commoners alike had to dismount carriages and horses before entering the alun-alun lor to continue to the kraton. At the two centrally located holy beringin or banyan trees, officials had their payung (ceremonial parasols indicating office) placed down by their parasol valet.

Ordinary commoner Javanese seeking an audience with the Regent would be required to sit and wait under the trees waiting for an official to leave the Kraton and ask their reason for an audience. Dutch officials such as the Resident were commonly received with a great ceremony to the alun-alun lor with the kraton soldiers firing three volleys, which would be answered by a twenty-one-gun salute from the Dutch fortress, especially between the Yogyakarta kraton and the Dutch Fort Vredeburg.

Strict rules govern the location of buildings surrounding the alun-alun lor. The main mosque must be sited on the west side and face east (to Mecca). The official residence of the Regent's "Patih", also Bupati (town or village head) was situated on the North or South. The East is generally reserved for shops, markets, or houses of prominent families.

Two enormous Pacikra or Pacikeran doors conventionally separate the high defensive perimeter wall surrounding the kraton and the alun-alun.

The gladak or pradah compound for stables, porters, and draught horses was stationed outside the north gate of the alun-alun, presumably for practicality for disembarking officials and to keep the smell of horses and manure as far as possible from the kraton.