Ambrose Everts Burnside was born in Liberty, Union County, Indiana, the fourth of nine children. His parents were Edghill Burnside and Pamela Rogers Burnside. His father was a state judge and former state legislator.

Burnside received his early education in local schools and through private tutoring. His family was not wealthy, and his early life involved working on the family farm and assisting with household chores.

Burnside was apprenticed to a tailor to learn a trade, as higher education seemed unattainable. This experience provided him with valuable skills and a work ethic that would serve him well later in life.

Thanks to his father's political connections, Burnside received a nomination to the United States Military Academy at West Point, a significant turning point in his life and career.

Burnside attended West Point from 1843 to 1847. His academic performance was mediocre; he graduated 18th in a class of 38. While not a brilliant student, he was known for his affable personality and social skills, which helped him build valuable relationships.