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Ancient North Eurasian
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Ancient North Eurasian
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) refers to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the people of the Mal'ta–Buret' culture (c. 24,000 BP) and populations closely related to them, such as the Upper Paleolithic individuals from Afontova Gora in Siberia. Genetic studies also revealed that the ANE are closely related to the remains of the preceding Yana culture (c. 32,000 BP), which were dubbed as Ancient North Siberians (ANS), and which either are directly ancestral to the ANE, or both being closely related sister lineages.
The ANE/ANS lineages both derive their ancestry from an admixture event between Ancient West Eurasians (best represented by Upper Paleolithic Europeans such as Kostenki-14, c. 38,000 BP) and Ancient East Eurasians (best represented by the Tianyuan man, c. 39,000 BP) during the Upper Paleolithic period.
Around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago, a branch of Ancient North Eurasian people mixed with Ancient East Asians, which led to the emergence of Ancestral Native American, Ancient Beringian and Ancient Paleo-Siberian populations. It is unknown exactly where this population admixture took place, and two opposing theories have put forth different migratory scenarios that united the Ancient North Eurasians with ancient East Asian populations.[page needed]
Later, ANE populations migrated westward into Europe and admixed with European Western hunter-gatherer (WHG)-related groups to form the Eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) group, which later admixed with Caucasus hunter-gatherers to form the Western Steppe Herder group, which became widely dispersed across Eurasia during the Bronze Age.
ANE ancestry has spread throughout Eurasia and the Americas in various migrations since the Upper Paleolithic. Significant ANE ancestry can be found in Native Americans, as well as in Europe, South Asia, Central Asia, and Siberia. It has been suggested that their mythology may have featured narratives shared by both Indo-European and some Native American cultures, such as the existence of a metaphysical world tree and a dog which guards the path to the afterlife.
The ANE lineage, also known as Paleolithic Siberians, is defined by association with the "Mal'ta boy" (MA-1), the remains of an individual who lived during the Last Glacial Maximum, 24,000 years ago in central Siberia, discovered in the 1920s. Together with the Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site samples, and Afontova Gora individuals, they are collectively referred to as Ancient North Siberians, although Ancient North Eurasian is also used as a collective name for both MA-1 and Yana remains.
Ancient North Eurasian-associated Y-chromosome haplogroups are P-M45, and its subclades R and Q. Haplogroup P is inferred to have originated around 44,000 years ago in South or Southeast Asia and is observed with its highest frequency among indigenous Southeast Asian groups, such as the Andamanese or the Jahai people. P is downstream to haplogroup K2b found among the Upper Paleolithic Tianyuan man in Northern China, with its sister clade haplogroup MS-P397 being most common among Oceanian populations. Their maternal haplogroup belonged to subclades of haplogroup U commonly found among West Eurasian populations.
The formation of the Ancient North Eurasian/Siberian (ANE/ANS) gene pool occurred during the Upper Paleolithic period: an early West Eurasian population related to Upper Paleolithic Europeans, such as Kostenki-14 and Sungir, migrated via a northern route into Siberia where they encountered and admixed with an Ancient East Eurasian population which arrived earlier during the Initial Upper Paleolithic period via a southern route. The East Eurasian source is most closely related to the ancestry found among the 40,000 year old Tianyuan man of Northern China and other Upper Paleolithic Siberian and East/Southeast Asian groups. In total, the ANE/ANS derive around 50–71% ancestry from an early West Eurasian-affiliated source, and 29–50% from an East Eurasian source.[improper synthesis?] On average, the ANE/ANS are usually modeled as roughly 2/3 early West Eurasian and 1/3 early East Eurasian.
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Ancient North Eurasian
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) refers to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the people of the Mal'ta–Buret' culture (c. 24,000 BP) and populations closely related to them, such as the Upper Paleolithic individuals from Afontova Gora in Siberia. Genetic studies also revealed that the ANE are closely related to the remains of the preceding Yana culture (c. 32,000 BP), which were dubbed as Ancient North Siberians (ANS), and which either are directly ancestral to the ANE, or both being closely related sister lineages.
The ANE/ANS lineages both derive their ancestry from an admixture event between Ancient West Eurasians (best represented by Upper Paleolithic Europeans such as Kostenki-14, c. 38,000 BP) and Ancient East Eurasians (best represented by the Tianyuan man, c. 39,000 BP) during the Upper Paleolithic period.
Around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago, a branch of Ancient North Eurasian people mixed with Ancient East Asians, which led to the emergence of Ancestral Native American, Ancient Beringian and Ancient Paleo-Siberian populations. It is unknown exactly where this population admixture took place, and two opposing theories have put forth different migratory scenarios that united the Ancient North Eurasians with ancient East Asian populations.[page needed]
Later, ANE populations migrated westward into Europe and admixed with European Western hunter-gatherer (WHG)-related groups to form the Eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) group, which later admixed with Caucasus hunter-gatherers to form the Western Steppe Herder group, which became widely dispersed across Eurasia during the Bronze Age.
ANE ancestry has spread throughout Eurasia and the Americas in various migrations since the Upper Paleolithic. Significant ANE ancestry can be found in Native Americans, as well as in Europe, South Asia, Central Asia, and Siberia. It has been suggested that their mythology may have featured narratives shared by both Indo-European and some Native American cultures, such as the existence of a metaphysical world tree and a dog which guards the path to the afterlife.
The ANE lineage, also known as Paleolithic Siberians, is defined by association with the "Mal'ta boy" (MA-1), the remains of an individual who lived during the Last Glacial Maximum, 24,000 years ago in central Siberia, discovered in the 1920s. Together with the Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site samples, and Afontova Gora individuals, they are collectively referred to as Ancient North Siberians, although Ancient North Eurasian is also used as a collective name for both MA-1 and Yana remains.
Ancient North Eurasian-associated Y-chromosome haplogroups are P-M45, and its subclades R and Q. Haplogroup P is inferred to have originated around 44,000 years ago in South or Southeast Asia and is observed with its highest frequency among indigenous Southeast Asian groups, such as the Andamanese or the Jahai people. P is downstream to haplogroup K2b found among the Upper Paleolithic Tianyuan man in Northern China, with its sister clade haplogroup MS-P397 being most common among Oceanian populations. Their maternal haplogroup belonged to subclades of haplogroup U commonly found among West Eurasian populations.
The formation of the Ancient North Eurasian/Siberian (ANE/ANS) gene pool occurred during the Upper Paleolithic period: an early West Eurasian population related to Upper Paleolithic Europeans, such as Kostenki-14 and Sungir, migrated via a northern route into Siberia where they encountered and admixed with an Ancient East Eurasian population which arrived earlier during the Initial Upper Paleolithic period via a southern route. The East Eurasian source is most closely related to the ancestry found among the 40,000 year old Tianyuan man of Northern China and other Upper Paleolithic Siberian and East/Southeast Asian groups. In total, the ANE/ANS derive around 50–71% ancestry from an early West Eurasian-affiliated source, and 29–50% from an East Eurasian source.[improper synthesis?] On average, the ANE/ANS are usually modeled as roughly 2/3 early West Eurasian and 1/3 early East Eurasian.
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