Anna Kashfi (born Joan O'Callaghan; 30 September 1934 – 16 August 2015) was an Anglo-Indian actress who had a brief Hollywood career in the 1950s but was better known for her tumultuous marriage to film star Marlon Brando and the controversies surrounding their son.

Kashfi was born in Kolkata, India, to William Patrick O'Callaghan, a traffic superintendent on the Indian State railways, and Martha Phoebe Melinda Shrieves. Her parents were Anglo-Indian. She was raised in Calcutta until she was 13, when the family relocated to Cardiff, Wales.

By the age of 22, Joan O'Callaghan had transformed herself into the exotic "ethnic Indian" model and actress Anna Kashfi, using a name invented by her and Glyn Mortimer, the head of a London modelling agency. As Mortimer told Parade magazine for its 1959 investigation into Kashfi's past, "Kashfi was the name of a dear friend of mine. Joan picked the name Anna from Joanna, which she apparently had used from time to time".

The matter of Kashfi's ethnic heritage has remained in question due to conflicting claims. Despite Kashfi's parents claiming to be from London, they were both born in India to railway families who were already rooted in the South Asian country for over a century. Her father told Parade magazine in 1959 that Kashfi was born "to my wife in 1934 when I was employed by the Bengal-Nagupur railway as a station master". Parade stated that its investigation determined that "her baptismal certificate bears this out" and furthermore stated that she had a brother, Bosco Brian Patrick O'Callaghan, who was then attending a technical college in Cardiff.

However, upon her 1957 marriage to Marlon Brando a year after adopting her stage name, Kashfi failed to list either on her marriage license, instead stating her real father was one Devi Kashfi and biological mother named Selma Ghose. In a 14 October 1957, wedding day interview with The New York Times (entitled "Kashfi Still Enigma: License Does Not List Welsh Couple As Parents"), a friend of the bride was quoted as stating that Kashfi's purported Indian father had died six weeks before the ceremony. The reason Kashfi became estranged from her parents remains unclear.

Nevertheless, the O'Callaghans were adamant that Kashfi was their child, and William O'Callaghan was quoted in Time magazine as claiming, "That's our daughter, and both me and missus were born in London."

Parade reported that Kashfi might have selected the surname "Ghose" for her putative mother from the owners of The Maharajah, a London shop where she worked as a model. She also worked as a model in the London fur salon of Henry Noble in Regent Street.

When questioned earlier in life about her daughter's heritage, her mother had told the press "There is no Indian blood in my family or my husband's family". Film director Edward Dmytryk, who directed the actress in her first film, stated in a New York Times interview (titled "Kashfi Called Welsh") the day before her wedding to Brando that he knew her real surname was Irish but assumed she was half-Indian.