Anne Anderson (born July 1952) is a former Irish diplomat. She was the 17th ambassador of Ireland to the United States. She has also been Ambassador of Ireland to the United Nations, the European Union, France, and Monaco, the first woman to hold each of these positions.

Anderson was born in Clonmel, County Tipperary, in July 1952. Her mother was from County Limerick and her father, who worked in the psychiatric health service, was from County Tipperary. The family moved to Kilkenny when she was eight, and then to Portrane, County Dublin, when she was 11. She graduated from University College Dublin with a Bachelor of Arts degree (history and politics) at the age of 19, in 1972 and from King's Inns, where she earned a diploma in legal studies. She has one adult daughter, Claire Anderson-Wheeler. Anderson is divorced; her partner is Frank Lowe, in New York.

In 2016, she was awarded UCD Alumnus of the Year in Arts and Humanities.

Anderson joined the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs in 1972. She was third secretary and then first secretary in the Department's Economic Division from 1972 to 1976. She moved to Geneva, where she was first secretary of Ireland's Permanent Mission to the United Nations from 1976 to 1980, including a six-month assignment in Belgrade. She was first secretary of the Political Division of the Department of Foreign Affairs from 1980 to 1983.

She moved to the United States, where she was economic attaché at the Embassy of Ireland in Washington, D.C. from 1983 to 1985, and press attaché from 1985 to 1987. Her interest in labour issues developed during this time and her appreciation of American problems and solutions was mentored by Irish American labour leaders Tom Donahue and John Sweeney, lessons she continued to apply during her career. Her daughter, Claire, was born in Washington in 1985.

Back in Ireland, she was Counsellor in the Anglo-Irish Division of the Department of Foreign Affairs from 1987 to 1991, then Assistant Secretary General in Corporate Services from 1991 to 1995. During this time when the Anglo-Irish Agreement was being newly implemented, she worked on fair employment legislation for Northern Ireland, applying to her work lessons learned in the United States about the principles of fair employment.

She returned to Geneva when she was appointed Permanent Representative of Ireland to the United Nations from 1995 to 2001. While there, she was named as chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1999 to 2000, the fourth woman to earn the honour (Eleanor Roosevelt was the first). Her term at the commission coincided with former Irish president Mary Robinson's term as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Anderson was also vice-president of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 1997, and chair of the Trade Policy Review Body at the World Trade Organization.

She moved on to Brussels to act as Permanent Representative of Ireland to the European Union from 2001 to 2005, where she was named Diplomat of the Year by European Voice when she headed the Irish team during Ireland's Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2004.