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Antam Sanskar
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Antam Sanskar
Antam Sanskar (Gurmukhi: ਅੰਤਮ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ atama sasakāra) refers to the funeral rites in Sikhism. Antam (or Antim) means "final", while sanskar means "rite". There are three major components of a Sikh funeral: the crematorium, the gurdwara ceremony, and the scattering of the ashes. There are variations of these three components regarding timing depending on region and family, as traditions may vary. However, cremations in Indian culture usually occur within one or two days after a death but can be delayed to await the arrival of distant mourners to the ceremony. After the cremation, a religious ceremony is carried-out by the family of the dead, involving a reading of the Guru Granth Sahib, known as a Sehaj Pāth.
In Sikhism, death is considered a natural process and God's will or Hukam. To a Sikh, birth and death are closely associated, because they are both part of the cycle of human life of "coming and going" ( ਆਵਣੁ ਜਾਣਾ, Aaavan Jaanaa) which is seen as transient stage towards Liberation ( ਮੋਖੁ ਦੁਆਰੁ, Mokh Du-aar), complete unity with God. Sikhs thus believe in reincarnation. The soul itself is not subject to death. Death is only the progression of the soul on its journey from God, through the created universe and back to God again. In life, a Sikh tries always to constantly remember death so that they may be sufficiently prayerful, detached and righteous to break the cycle of birth and death and return to God. At a funeral, Sikhs are expected to keep in-composure and celebrate the deceased individual rather than mourn their death.
Cremation is the preferred method of disposal, although if it is not possible any other methods or if the person willed to be buried then burial or submergence at sea are acceptable. A memorial to the dead, gravestone, mausoleum etc. is not allowed, because the body is considered to be only the shell, the person's soul was their real essence.
At a Sikh's death-bed, relatives and friends should read Sukhmani Sahib, the Prayer of Peace, composed by the fifth Guru Arjan Dev, or simply recite "Waheguru" to console themselves and the dying person. When a death occurs, they should exclaim "Waheguru, Waheguru, Waheguru" (the Wonderful Lord).
If the death occurs in a hospital, the body is taken to the funeral parlor or home before the funeral. In preparation for cremation (usually the day before or day of the cremation), the body is first wāed while those present recite the Gurmantar Waheguru or Mool Mantar. Then the body is dressed with clean clothes complete with the Five Ks (in the case of Amritdhari Sikhs).
The funeral of a deceased Sikh should take place quickly, usually in the afternoon if the death happened in the morning or on the day after. Prayers occur during the funerary ceremony and thus, those in-attendance must cover their heard. Of the two prayers that are always performed at Sikh funerals, the first prayer is the Ardās whilst the second prayer performed is the Kirtan Sohila. The Ardās, a supplicatory prayer, is performed to mark the beginning and end of major life milestones in Sikhism, such as a birth, marriage, or death, and it is performed to assist grieving individuals to move on and accept the passing by instilling strength in them. The Kirtan Sohila is performed to remind all to accept death as the ultimate truth. Sikh funerals tend to be public events (unless the mourning family specifies otherwise). Thus, the family, relatives, friends, acquaintances, and others are usually welcomed to attend.
Whilst there is no outright religious rule regarding clothing colour, Sikhs traditionally wear white at-funerals. Some diasporic Sikhs, such as in North America, have adopted the Western custom of wearing black at funerals.
Guidelines for Sikh cremation practices are laid-out in the Sikh Rehat Maryada. Sikhs generally practice cremation, however they may bury their dead in emergency situations. Prior to cremation, the remains are washed and dressed in fresh clothing. The body of an Amritdhari Sikh must be adorned with all five Ks during the cremation.
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Antam Sanskar
Antam Sanskar (Gurmukhi: ਅੰਤਮ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ atama sasakāra) refers to the funeral rites in Sikhism. Antam (or Antim) means "final", while sanskar means "rite". There are three major components of a Sikh funeral: the crematorium, the gurdwara ceremony, and the scattering of the ashes. There are variations of these three components regarding timing depending on region and family, as traditions may vary. However, cremations in Indian culture usually occur within one or two days after a death but can be delayed to await the arrival of distant mourners to the ceremony. After the cremation, a religious ceremony is carried-out by the family of the dead, involving a reading of the Guru Granth Sahib, known as a Sehaj Pāth.
In Sikhism, death is considered a natural process and God's will or Hukam. To a Sikh, birth and death are closely associated, because they are both part of the cycle of human life of "coming and going" ( ਆਵਣੁ ਜਾਣਾ, Aaavan Jaanaa) which is seen as transient stage towards Liberation ( ਮੋਖੁ ਦੁਆਰੁ, Mokh Du-aar), complete unity with God. Sikhs thus believe in reincarnation. The soul itself is not subject to death. Death is only the progression of the soul on its journey from God, through the created universe and back to God again. In life, a Sikh tries always to constantly remember death so that they may be sufficiently prayerful, detached and righteous to break the cycle of birth and death and return to God. At a funeral, Sikhs are expected to keep in-composure and celebrate the deceased individual rather than mourn their death.
Cremation is the preferred method of disposal, although if it is not possible any other methods or if the person willed to be buried then burial or submergence at sea are acceptable. A memorial to the dead, gravestone, mausoleum etc. is not allowed, because the body is considered to be only the shell, the person's soul was their real essence.
At a Sikh's death-bed, relatives and friends should read Sukhmani Sahib, the Prayer of Peace, composed by the fifth Guru Arjan Dev, or simply recite "Waheguru" to console themselves and the dying person. When a death occurs, they should exclaim "Waheguru, Waheguru, Waheguru" (the Wonderful Lord).
If the death occurs in a hospital, the body is taken to the funeral parlor or home before the funeral. In preparation for cremation (usually the day before or day of the cremation), the body is first wāed while those present recite the Gurmantar Waheguru or Mool Mantar. Then the body is dressed with clean clothes complete with the Five Ks (in the case of Amritdhari Sikhs).
The funeral of a deceased Sikh should take place quickly, usually in the afternoon if the death happened in the morning or on the day after. Prayers occur during the funerary ceremony and thus, those in-attendance must cover their heard. Of the two prayers that are always performed at Sikh funerals, the first prayer is the Ardās whilst the second prayer performed is the Kirtan Sohila. The Ardās, a supplicatory prayer, is performed to mark the beginning and end of major life milestones in Sikhism, such as a birth, marriage, or death, and it is performed to assist grieving individuals to move on and accept the passing by instilling strength in them. The Kirtan Sohila is performed to remind all to accept death as the ultimate truth. Sikh funerals tend to be public events (unless the mourning family specifies otherwise). Thus, the family, relatives, friends, acquaintances, and others are usually welcomed to attend.
Whilst there is no outright religious rule regarding clothing colour, Sikhs traditionally wear white at-funerals. Some diasporic Sikhs, such as in North America, have adopted the Western custom of wearing black at funerals.
Guidelines for Sikh cremation practices are laid-out in the Sikh Rehat Maryada. Sikhs generally practice cremation, however they may bury their dead in emergency situations. Prior to cremation, the remains are washed and dressed in fresh clothing. The body of an Amritdhari Sikh must be adorned with all five Ks during the cremation.