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Archduchess Anna of Austria
Anna of Austria (7 July 1528 – 16 October 1590), a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, was Duchess of Bavaria from 1550 until 1579, by her marriage with Duke Albert V.
Born at the Bohemian court in Prague, Anna was the third of fifteen children of King Ferdinand I (1503–1564) from his marriage with the Jagiellonian princess Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Her siblings included: Elizabeth, Queen of Poland, Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, Catherine, Queen of Poland, Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua, Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara, Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Johanna, Duchess of Tuscany.
Anna's paternal grandparents were King Philip I of Castile and his wife Queen Joanna of Castile. Her maternal grandparents were King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale.
Anna was sickly at birth and since it was feared she would die, she was quickly baptized. The baptism was performed by the cardinal Bernardo Clesio. Anna was said to be the favourite daughter of Ferdinand, who affectionately called her "little monkey".
As both of Anna's parents had a love of learning, she received a strict and thorough education from the humanist Kaspar Ursinus Velius. They learned German, Italian and French, and received a strict Catholic religious education. Both of Anna's parents were devout Catholics; Ferdinand on one occasion threatened to have anyone who exposed his children to Lutheranism executed. Anna and her sisters were also taught to play keyboard instruments1 and to dance.
In 1538, Anna and her siblings Maximilian, Ferdinand and Elizabeth traveled with their father to Linz before traveling on to Vienna. This was so that they could gain some experience in handling themselves in a formal court environment and also prepare for being confirmed in the Catholic faith. The confirmation took place October 8, 1539 in the royal chapel, with a Venetian envoy acting as Anna's god-father. The cardinal Girolamo Aleandro who conducted the ceremony described Anna and her siblings as resembling "a chorus of angels".
In 1530, the three-year-old Anna was betrothed to Theodor of Bavaria, son of William IV, Duke of Bavaria, but he died at a young age in 1534. This left Anna available for new marriage projects which could further the political policies of the Habsburgs.
Anna's uncle, Charles V, had since been engaged in a long conflict against Francis I of France over the Duchy of Milan. Both sides finding themselves in a stalemate on 19 September 1544, the Treaty of Crépy was signed and as a way to cement the peace, it was agreed that the son of Francis I, Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans had a choice to marry either Charles V's daughter Maria or his niece Anna. Maria would bring the Netherlands or the Low Countries of Franche-Comté as her dowry while Anna would bring Milan as her dowry. Charles chose Anna, but the marriage never materialized as Charles died of plague on 9 September 1545.
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Archduchess Anna of Austria
Anna of Austria (7 July 1528 – 16 October 1590), a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, was Duchess of Bavaria from 1550 until 1579, by her marriage with Duke Albert V.
Born at the Bohemian court in Prague, Anna was the third of fifteen children of King Ferdinand I (1503–1564) from his marriage with the Jagiellonian princess Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Her siblings included: Elizabeth, Queen of Poland, Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, Catherine, Queen of Poland, Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua, Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara, Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Johanna, Duchess of Tuscany.
Anna's paternal grandparents were King Philip I of Castile and his wife Queen Joanna of Castile. Her maternal grandparents were King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale.
Anna was sickly at birth and since it was feared she would die, she was quickly baptized. The baptism was performed by the cardinal Bernardo Clesio. Anna was said to be the favourite daughter of Ferdinand, who affectionately called her "little monkey".
As both of Anna's parents had a love of learning, she received a strict and thorough education from the humanist Kaspar Ursinus Velius. They learned German, Italian and French, and received a strict Catholic religious education. Both of Anna's parents were devout Catholics; Ferdinand on one occasion threatened to have anyone who exposed his children to Lutheranism executed. Anna and her sisters were also taught to play keyboard instruments1 and to dance.
In 1538, Anna and her siblings Maximilian, Ferdinand and Elizabeth traveled with their father to Linz before traveling on to Vienna. This was so that they could gain some experience in handling themselves in a formal court environment and also prepare for being confirmed in the Catholic faith. The confirmation took place October 8, 1539 in the royal chapel, with a Venetian envoy acting as Anna's god-father. The cardinal Girolamo Aleandro who conducted the ceremony described Anna and her siblings as resembling "a chorus of angels".
In 1530, the three-year-old Anna was betrothed to Theodor of Bavaria, son of William IV, Duke of Bavaria, but he died at a young age in 1534. This left Anna available for new marriage projects which could further the political policies of the Habsburgs.
Anna's uncle, Charles V, had since been engaged in a long conflict against Francis I of France over the Duchy of Milan. Both sides finding themselves in a stalemate on 19 September 1544, the Treaty of Crépy was signed and as a way to cement the peace, it was agreed that the son of Francis I, Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans had a choice to marry either Charles V's daughter Maria or his niece Anna. Maria would bring the Netherlands or the Low Countries of Franche-Comté as her dowry while Anna would bring Milan as her dowry. Charles chose Anna, but the marriage never materialized as Charles died of plague on 9 September 1545.