Archduchess Maria Henrietta, full German name: Maria Henrietta Caroline Gabriele, Erzherzogin von Österreich (10 January 1883 – 2 September 1956) was a member of the Teschen branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bohemia, Hungary, and Tuscany by birth. Through her marriage to Prince Gottfried Maximilian of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Maria Henrietta became a member of the House of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst.

Maria Henrietta was born on 10 January 1883 at Preßburg, Austria-Hungary. She was the third of nine children of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen and Princess Isabella of Croÿ. Among her siblings were Archduchess Maria Christina (who married Emanuel, Hereditary Prince of Salm-Salm), Archduchess Maria Anna (who married Elias, Duke of Parma), Archduchess Gabriele, Archduchess Isabella (who married Prince Georg of Bavaria), Archduchess Maria Alice (who married Baron Friedrich Waldbott von Bassenheim), and Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen. Her father served as Supreme Commander of the Imperial and Royal Armed Forces from 1914 to 1916.

Her paternal grandparents were Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria. Her maternal grandparents were Rudolf, Duke of Croÿ, and Princess Natalie of Ligne.

On 3 June 1908 at Baden, Vienna, Austria, she married Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, son of Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst and Princess Marie Antoinette of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. He later served as the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to Germany. Together, they had three children:

She died on 2 September 1956 at age 73 in Mariazell, Austria.