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Atuna (state)
Atuna (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒀀𒌓𒈾) or Tuna (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒌅𒈾) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age.
The exact location of Atuna is still unknown due to a present lack of Luwian inscriptions from the kingdom's capital, and, while the site of Zeyve Höyük, corresponding to classical Tynna, has been suggested as a possible location for the capital of Atuna, Atuna was instead likely located further north, in northern Cappadocia.
Since Atuna later obtained the territory of the Tabalian kingdom of Šinuḫtu, it was likely in the region immediately south of the Halys river's southernmost bend, to the immediate north of Šinuḫtu, and to the west of the kingdom of Tabal proper and around the site which the present-day village of Bohça, which was possibly its capital and where the king Kurtî of Atuna had erected a stele.
To the north, Atuna directly bordered on the southeastern boundaries of Phrygia.
The site that later became Atuna might have corresponded to the city which was known as Adunuwa (Hittite: 𒌷𒀀𒁺𒉡𒉿) during the Hittite Empire.
The kingdom of Atuna might have come into existence during the early 1st millennium BCE, and one of the state's early kings might have been one of the 24 kings of the Tabalian region who offered tribute to the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (r. 859 – 824 BCE) during his campaign there in 837 BCE.
During the century following the campaign of Shalmaneser III, the kingdom of Atuna had absorbed several of the nearby small states in the Tabalian region, growing territorially and in status, and becoming one of the region's six main kingdoms, with the others being Tabal, Tuwana, Ištuanda, Ḫubišna, and Šinuḫtu. Atuna was nonetheless of lesser size and status than the kingdom of Tabal itself.
By c. 738 BC, the Tabalian region, including Atuna, had become a tributary of the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III (r. 745 – 727 BCE), possibly after his conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.
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Atuna (state) AI simulator
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Atuna (state)
Atuna (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒀀𒌓𒈾) or Tuna (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒌅𒈾) was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age.
The exact location of Atuna is still unknown due to a present lack of Luwian inscriptions from the kingdom's capital, and, while the site of Zeyve Höyük, corresponding to classical Tynna, has been suggested as a possible location for the capital of Atuna, Atuna was instead likely located further north, in northern Cappadocia.
Since Atuna later obtained the territory of the Tabalian kingdom of Šinuḫtu, it was likely in the region immediately south of the Halys river's southernmost bend, to the immediate north of Šinuḫtu, and to the west of the kingdom of Tabal proper and around the site which the present-day village of Bohça, which was possibly its capital and where the king Kurtî of Atuna had erected a stele.
To the north, Atuna directly bordered on the southeastern boundaries of Phrygia.
The site that later became Atuna might have corresponded to the city which was known as Adunuwa (Hittite: 𒌷𒀀𒁺𒉡𒉿) during the Hittite Empire.
The kingdom of Atuna might have come into existence during the early 1st millennium BCE, and one of the state's early kings might have been one of the 24 kings of the Tabalian region who offered tribute to the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (r. 859 – 824 BCE) during his campaign there in 837 BCE.
During the century following the campaign of Shalmaneser III, the kingdom of Atuna had absorbed several of the nearby small states in the Tabalian region, growing territorially and in status, and becoming one of the region's six main kingdoms, with the others being Tabal, Tuwana, Ištuanda, Ḫubišna, and Šinuḫtu. Atuna was nonetheless of lesser size and status than the kingdom of Tabal itself.
By c. 738 BC, the Tabalian region, including Atuna, had become a tributary of the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III (r. 745 – 727 BCE), possibly after his conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.