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Austin A40 Devon
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| Austin A40 Devon Austin A40 Dorset | |
|---|---|
 Austin A40 Devon saloon | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Austin (BMC) |
| Production | 1947–1952 |
| Assembly | United Kingdom: Longbridge (Longbridge plant) Australia: Melbourne New Zealand: Petone |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | midsize car |
| Body style | 2-door saloon 4-door saloon 2-door estate 2-door tourer (Australia) 2-door van 2-door pickup truck 2-door coupe utility (Australia) |
| Related | Austin A40 Sports |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.2 L (1200 cc) Straight-4 |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 92.5 in (2,350 mm) [1] |
| Length | 153 in (3,886 mm) [1] |
| Width | 61 in (1,549 mm) [1] |
| Height | 63.5 in (1,613 mm) [1] |
| Curb weight | 2,130 lb (966 kg) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Austin 10 |
| Successor | Austin A40 Somerset |
- See Austin A40 for other A40 models and Austin A40 Sports for the sports car version of the Devon.
The A40 Devon (and similar 2-door A40 Dorset) are automobiles that were marketed by Austin from 1947 to 1952 – the first post-war saloons to be produced by Austin – featuring a mix of old and new technologies. They were previewed by the UK press at the Paris Motor Show on 22 October 1947, who expressed immediate disappointment at the car's conservative appearance.[2] More than 450,000 were built before the model's replacement in 1952 by the Austin A40 Somerset.
Mechanicals and bodystyles
[edit]Both the Devon and Dorset were body-on-frame designs with modern bodies and a 1.2 L straight-4 OHV engine producing 40 bhp (30 kW) at 4200 rpm.[1] They featured front coil sprung independent suspension but retained a rigid axle and semi-elliptic leaf springs at the rear. The Girling brakes with 9 in (229 mm) drums were operated hydraulically at the front and mechanically at the rear. Later cars had column operated gear change and full hydraulic braking. A sliding sunroof and heater were extra cost options on the UK market.
The Devon was the 4-door version and was more successful than the 2-door Dorset, which was dropped in 1949 after only 15,939 were made.
The "Countryman" estate was produced through 1956. Equipped as a six-seater, its folding rear seat enabled it to be converted into a two-seater able to carry a half-ton load.[3] A van and pickup truck were also produced.
The Devon was the first post-war-designed Austin to be assembled in New Zealand. It was produced from CKD kits at the Austin Distributors Federation assembly plant in Petone. Some examples are still on the road.[citation needed] (there is an A40 Devon operating and registered in Hamilton as of 2019).
A prototype A40 Dorset Tourer was built at Longbridge in 1948. Although it was never put into production in England, various versions of the A40 Tourer were made in Australia beginning in September 1948.[4]
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Austin A40 Dorset -
Austin A40 Devon Saloon -
Austin A40 Tourer -
Austin A40 Countryman -
Austin A40 Van -
Austin A40 Pick-up
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Performance and driving impressions
[edit]A car tested by The Motor magazine in 1948 had a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h) and could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 37.2 seconds. A fuel consumption of 34.1 miles per imperial gallon (8.3 L/100 km; 28.4 mpg‑US) was recorded. The test car, which had the optional sliding roof, cost £505 including taxes.[1] Commentators also commended the "excellent (floor lever controlled four speed) gear change" (on the early models) with smooth clutch action.[5] The brakes, however, needed "fairly firm pedal pressure ... for maximum results".[5]
Sales
[edit]The car sold well, boosting Austin's standing in the sales charts in the process. Its success was attributed to the fact that it offered a lot of car for the money.[5]
Austin A40 Sports
[edit]
As one in a series of collaborations between Austin and Jensen Motors of West Bromwich, the A40 Sports originated when Austin's chairman Leonard Lord, upon seeing the Jensen Interceptor, requested that Jensen develop a body that could use the Austin A40 Devon mechanicals. The centre section of the chassis was boxed to provide rigidity for the open body, and the A40 Sports also employed a twin-SU carburettor version of the 1.2 L engine producing 46 bhp (34 kW), rather than 42 bhp (31 kW).[6] During production, A40 Sports bodies were built by Jensen and transported to Austin's Longbridge plant for final assembly,[7] with approximately 4,011 examples manufactured.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "The Austin A40 Devon Road Test". The Motor. 13 October 1948.
- ^ French Motor Show. The Times, Thursday, 23 Oct 1947; p. 3; Issue 50899
- ^ Austin Works - A40 Countryman Retrieved on 5 June 2011
- ^ A40 Tourer Register Retrieved from www.austinworks.com on 14 December 2008
- ^ a b c "Austin A.40 Devon Saloon (road test)". Autocar. 23 September 1949.
- ^ Robson, G. (2006). A–Z of British Cars 1945–80. Devon, UK: Herridge. ISBN 0-9541063-9-3.
- ^ a b "Austin A40 Sports". Austin Memories. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Austin A40 Devon.
Austin A40 Devon
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Development and history
Background and design origins
Following World War II, the British automotive industry faced significant challenges in recovery, including material shortages and a government mandate to prioritize exports to bolster the economy. Austin Motor Company, under managing director Leonard Lord, focused on developing affordable family saloons that could be produced efficiently using existing pre-war tooling and facilities at Longbridge to minimize costs and accelerate output. This approach allowed Austin to replace outdated models like the Eight, Ten, and Twelve with a new design suited to the austerity era, emphasizing practicality and reliability for both domestic and overseas markets.[3][5][1] The A40 Devon's design was led by Austin's in-house styling team, headed by Ricardo "Dick" Burzi, with oversight from Lord, resulting in a conservative four-door saloon body that integrated headlights into the fenders for a modest update to pre-war aesthetics. Drawing inspiration from the proportions and simplicity of the pre-war Ten and Twelve models, the styling avoided radical changes to align with wartime resource constraints and public expectations for unpretentious vehicles. Burzi's work emphasized a boxy, upright silhouette with a high roofline and rounded edges, reflecting the era's emphasis on functionality over flair.[6][7][8] Key engineering decisions prioritized cost efficiency and proven technology, including body-on-frame construction to facilitate assembly and maintenance using adapted pre-war components. The A40 introduced independent front suspension with coil springs—the first such system for an Austin passenger car—improving ride quality while retaining a rigid rear axle with semi-elliptical leaf springs for simplicity. Power came from a newly developed 1,200 cc overhead-valve inline-four engine, evolved from the pre-war side-valve unit in the Ten but redesigned for greater reliability and efficiency in post-war conditions.[7][9][10] The A40 Devon was previewed to the UK press at the Paris Motor Show on October 22, 1947, highlighting its export potential as part of Britain's drive to generate foreign currency through vehicle sales. This early international exposure underscored Austin's strategy to position the model as a dependable, economical option for global markets rebuilding after the war.[11]Launch and production overview
The Austin A40 Devon was launched in October 1947 as Austin's first new post-war saloon, with initial customer deliveries beginning in early 1948. Positioned as an affordable and practical four-door family car, it targeted both the domestic British market and international buyers seeking reliable, economical transportation amid post-war recovery.[1][12] Production was centered at the Austin Motor Company's Longbridge works in Birmingham, United Kingdom, running from 1947 to 1952. The Devon saloon accounted for 273,958 units, complemented by 15,939 two-door Dorset variants and 26,587 Countryman estates, yielding a total exceeding 300,000 vehicles across the core A40 lineup during this period. To support overseas demand, completely knocked-down (CKD) kits were assembled locally in Australia starting in 1948 and at the Austin Distributors Federation plant in Petone, New Zealand, where the Devon became the first post-war Austin model built from such kits.[3][2][1] The Devon series was gradually phased out in 1952 and replaced by the restyled A40 Somerset, which incorporated updated bodywork and mechanical refinements to better align with contemporary expectations. Minor enhancements during the run included subtle improvements to corrosion resistance measures around 1950.[2][13] Exports played a pivotal role in the model's success, with a substantial portion—often over half of Austin's output—directed overseas to generate vital foreign currency for Britain's war-depleted economy. This emphasis on international sales, particularly to dollar-rich markets like the United States and Commonwealth nations, underscored the A40's contribution to national recovery efforts.[14][15]Technical specifications
Engine and mechanical systems
The Austin A40 Devon featured a 1,200 cc straight-four overhead-valve engine with a cast-iron block, delivering 40 bhp at 4,300 rpm and 58 lb-ft of torque at 2,200 rpm.[16] This powerplant incorporated a single downdraught Zenith carburetor and a compression ratio of 7.2:1, contributing to its reliable performance in postwar motoring.[17] The overhead-valve configuration offered improved efficiency and accessibility for routine maintenance compared to earlier side-valve designs, though overhead-valve refinements appeared in subsequent Austin models like the Somerset series.[18] Power was transmitted via a four-speed manual gearbox with synchromesh on second, third, and top gears, ensuring smoother shifts for everyday driving.[19] The rear-wheel-drive layout employed a hypoid bevel final drive with a ratio of 5.14:1, optimizing torque delivery to the road wheels while minimizing noise and wear.[17] The vehicle's electrical system operated on 12 volts with coil ignition, providing straightforward operation suited to the era's technology.[20] Fuel was stored in a rear-mounted tank with a capacity of 8 imperial gallons, enabling an estimated range of around 280 miles under typical conditions.[17] This setup integrated efficiently with the chassis for balanced weight distribution, though detailed chassis interactions are covered elsewhere.[2]Chassis, suspension, and brakes
The Austin A40 Devon was built on a ladder-type chassis featuring welded pressed-steel box-section side members, along with box-section front and rear cross members, which provided robust structural integrity for the post-war economy car. This design measured 92.5 inches in wheelbase and maintained a consistent track width of 54 inches front and rear, supporting the vehicle's compact footprint while ensuring stability on varied road surfaces.[17][21] Suspension was configured for reliable everyday use, with independent front suspension employing coil springs located by wishbones to improve ride comfort and wheel articulation over uneven terrain. The rear utilized a live axle suspended by half-elliptic leaf springs, complemented by double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers at all four corners to control body motion and enhance durability.[22][23] The braking setup consisted of Girling drum brakes with 9-inch diameter drums, hydraulically actuated at the front wheels via a master cylinder and mechanically operated at the rear through cable linkages for simplicity and cost-effectiveness. A remote-mounted mechanical handbrake acted on the rear drums, offering adequate stopping power for the era without the complexity of full hydraulic systems, which were not introduced until the A40 Somerset replacement. Overall vehicle dimensions stood at 153 inches in length, 61 inches in width, 63.5 inches in height, and a curb weight of approximately 2,130 lb (966 kg).[20][24][21]Body styles and features
Saloon configurations
The Austin A40 Devon was primarily configured as a four-door saloon, providing practical family transportation with a distinct separate boot compartment dedicated to luggage storage, enhancing its utility for everyday use.[3] This design emphasized post-war functionality, with the body constructed from pressed steel panels assembled on a robust chassis, marking a shift toward modern all-steel construction in British family cars.[25] Running boards were omitted to achieve a sleeker, more streamlined appearance compared to pre-war models, while an optional sliding steel sunroof was available for improved ventilation and light.[1][3] A two-door saloon variant, the Dorset, complemented the Devon lineup from 1947 until its discontinuation in 1948, after which production totaled 15,939 units, many of which were exported to markets like Australia.[1][3] The Dorset shared the Devon's mechanical underpinnings but offered a more compact cabin entry, though its shorter production run reflected lower demand relative to the four-door model. The saloons rode on 16-inch steel wheels fitted with 5.00 x 16 crossply tires, providing adequate grip and ride comfort for the era's roads, with the spare wheel housed within the trunk for convenient access.[26][27] For commercial applications, basic van and pickup derivatives of the Devon saloon were developed, primarily serving export markets where demand for affordable light-duty vehicles was high; these adaptations retained the core saloon chassis but modified the rear for cargo capacity.[3][28]Interior and optional equipment
The Austin A40 Devon's passenger compartment accommodated up to five occupants, though comfortably seating four adults, across a full-width front bench seat and a rear bench, upholstered in leather or Rexine artificial leather for durability and comfort.[17] The front seat was adjustable for driver and passenger positioning, while the rear seat featured fold-down armrests on the sides and a central folding section to enhance versatility.[17] This layout provided ample legroom and headroom, reflecting the car's emphasis on family practicality in a compact saloon design.[29] The dashboard adopted a simplified, functional layout centered around a prominent speedometer with integrated trip and total mileage recording, flanked by essential gauges for oil pressure, fuel level, and ammeter readings.[17] Basic controls for headlights, sidelights, and windscreen wipers were mounted within easy reach, promoting straightforward operation without unnecessary complexity. A radio was not included as standard equipment, underscoring the model's no-frills approach to post-war economy motoring.[30] Luggage capacity in the rear-mounted trunk measured approximately 7.4 cubic feet, sufficient for everyday travel needs, with some configurations allowing the rear seat to fold partially for additional cargo space when required.[17] For driver convenience, the four-speed manual transmission featured a column-mounted gear shift on the left side of the steering column, enabling easy selection while maintaining clear access to the bench seating.[20] A pull-cable choke provided simple cold-start functionality, pulled from the dashboard to enrich the fuel mixture as needed. Optional whitewall tires enhanced the aesthetic appeal, particularly on export models, while two-tone paint schemes became available from 1950 for added customization.[30] Further accessories included a fresh-air heater for cabin warmth and a windscreen washer system, both selectable at purchase to suit varying climates and preferences.[17]Variants
Dorset and Countryman
The Austin A40 Dorset was a two-door saloon variant of the A40 Devon, introduced alongside the four-door model in 1947 as part of Austin's first post-war saloon lineup. Sharing the same separate chassis and pressed-steel body construction as the Devon saloon, the Dorset featured identical mechanical components, including the 1,200 cc overhead-valve inline-four engine producing 40 bhp at 4,300 rpm and 59 lb-ft of torque at 2,200 rpm, paired with a four-speed manual gearbox. At approximately 930 kg in shipping weight, the Dorset was lighter than the four-door Devon by around 35 kg due to its reduced door count and simpler body structure, which contributed to marginally improved acceleration compared to the standard model. Production of the Dorset was relatively brief, running from 1947 to 1948 with a total of 15,939 units built at Austin's Longbridge plant, after which it was discontinued in favor of focusing on the more popular four-door configuration.[3][31] The Austin A40 Countryman, launched in 1948, was the estate variant derived from the Devon platform, offering an extended roofline for greater cargo versatility and a distinctive split tailgate design where the lower section folded down and the upper lifted upward to facilitate loading. Built on the same chassis and mechanical setup as the Devon and Dorset, it retained the 1,200 cc engine, though tuned slightly for 42 bhp at 4,500 rpm and 58 lb-ft of torque at 2,400 rpm, with the folding rear bench seat allowing conversion from a six-seater configuration to a two-seater capable of carrying a half-ton (approximately 500 kg) load. The Countryman's rear body featured a wooden frame with varnished exterior panels, providing a classic "woodie" aesthetic while maintaining practicality for family or light commercial use; it was particularly favored in rural UK settings and export markets for its robust utility. Production continued until 1956, outlasting the saloon variants, with minor updates around 1950 including improved sealing and underbody treatments to enhance rust resistance on the wood-and-steel construction. A total of 26,587 Countryman units were produced, significantly outselling the Dorset and underscoring its enduring appeal as a versatile estate.[3][32][5][33]Sports and international models
The Austin A40 Sports was a four-seat convertible variant introduced in late 1950, with production commencing in November of that year and full sales beginning in 1951.[34] It featured an aluminum body designed and built by Jensen Motors, combining panels with steel elements for the bonnet and boot lid, to create an open-top tourer that departed from the standard Devon's conservative styling.[25] The chassis was derived from the Devon but modified with a boxed center section to enhance torsional rigidity suitable for the convertible structure.[35] Unique features included wire wheels and a luggage rack designed for use with the hood raised, emphasizing practicality for touring.[36] The engine retained the Devon's 1,200 cc inline-four but was upgraded with twin SU carburetors and a revised cylinder head, increasing output to 46 bhp from the standard 40 bhp while improving torque delivery.[34] A total of 4,011 units were produced until discontinuation in 1953, with bodies assembled by Jensen and final fitting at Austin's Longbridge plant.[37] Production ended due to limited market demand, as the Sports' higher price—around £300 more than the saloon—deterred buyers despite promotional efforts like a record-breaking 21-day world tour in 1951.[35] International adaptations of the A40 Devon included region-specific body styles to suit local preferences. In Australia, the A40 Tourer was a unique open-top four-passenger convertible produced from 1948, based on the Devon chassis but with local coachwork to appeal to the country's sunny climate and touring culture.[38] Complementing this was the A40 Coupe Utility, or "ute," introduced in 1948 as Australia's first postwar all-new utility vehicle, featuring a deleted rear bench to extend the load bed for practical cargo carrying while retaining the front seating and cab.[39] In New Zealand, the Devon was the first postwar Austin model assembled locally, starting from CKD kits at the Austin Distributors Federation plant in Petone, Wellington, beginning in 1947.[40] Adaptations incorporated local content such as glass, wiring, trim, tires, batteries, and radiators, along with minor right-hand drive adjustments to meet regional standards, though the core mechanicals remained faithful to UK specifications.[41] International production of these variants continued in alignment with the UK's Devon run, ceasing around 1952 with the transition to the Somerset model.[25]Performance and reception
Driving impressions and capabilities
The Austin A40 Devon delivered modest performance suited to post-war motoring needs, achieving a top speed of 70 mph (113 km/h) and accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in 37.2 seconds during a 1948 road test by The Motor magazine.[9] It cruised comfortably at around 60 mph on highways, allowing relaxed travel on the era's infrastructure while maintaining stability for long journeys.[29] Fuel efficiency was a highlight, with the model recording 34.1 mpg (UK) in combined cycle testing, dropping to approximately 28 mpg in urban driving conditions; the smooth-shifting four-speed gearbox enhanced ease of use and contributed to these economical figures.[9] The transmission's precise synchromesh on higher gears allowed seamless progression without excessive noise or effort, making it well-suited for everyday commuting.[29] On the road, the Devon exhibited stable handling owing to its low center of gravity and rigid chassis, providing confident cornering on dry surfaces despite noticeable body roll. Steering was heavy, particularly at low speeds, and the long gearing promoted sedate rather than aggressive driving styles. Wet-road traction proved limited due to the rear-wheel-drive configuration and rearward weight bias, necessitating cautious throttle application to avoid skids.[29] Reliability was a key strength, as demonstrated in period evaluations where the Devon endured extended trials with minimal mechanical issues, highlighting its robust construction for reliable family transport.[29]Critical reviews and market feedback
Upon its launch, the Austin A40 Devon received mixed reviews from contemporary automotive publications, with praise centered on its affordability and practicality but criticism directed at its conservative aesthetics and mechanical quirks. In a September 1948 comprehensive test published in Motor Sport magazine, the four-door Devon saloon was lauded for its excellent value at £441 11s. 8d. (including purchase tax), achieving an impressive 30.4 miles per gallon fuel economy and capable of steady 60 mph cruising, making it a refined and controllable vehicle suitable for everyday family use.[29] However, the same review noted subdued but intrusive gear noise during acceleration on indirect ratios and a troublesome vibration from the starter control at around 55 mph, while the overall design was seen as functional rather than stylish.[29] At the 1947 Paris Motor Show preview, UK press expressed disappointment over the Devon's conservative, pre-war-inspired styling, which appeared outdated compared to emerging post-war designs.[42] Driver experiences highlighted the A40 Devon's comfort on extended journeys, thanks to its spacious interior and smooth ride over uneven roads, though its 1,200 cc engine was frequently described as underpowered, particularly when climbing steep inclines fully loaded.[43] Optional features such as the heater and sliding sunroof were appreciated for enhancing usability in Britain's variable climate, providing effective cabin warmth and ventilation during long drives.[44] In the post-war British market, the A40 Devon was perceived as a reliable and no-nonsense choice for practical transportation amid material shortages and rationing, though it faced competition from more modern rivals like the 1948 Morris Oxford MO, which offered updated styling and a more refined cabin.[12] Exports thrived in markets such as the United States and Australia, where the car's mechanical simplicity, ease of maintenance, and robust build appealed to buyers seeking affordable, durable vehicles without complex features.[45] Over the decades, the A40 Devon has earned retrospective admiration for its longevity and ease of preservation, with many examples surviving in original condition due to the availability of parts and straightforward construction; enthusiasts note its reputation for mechanical durability, though minor issues like rust on the sills remain a common point of complaint in unrestored vehicles.[46][47]Commercial aspects
Sales and production figures
The Austin A40 Devon saloon achieved total production of 273,958 units between 1947 and 1952, while the related two-door Dorset variant accounted for 15,939 units before ceasing production in 1948.[3] The Countryman estate body added 26,587 units to the lineup, with assembly continuing until 1956.[3] Including commercial variants like the 10 cwt van (78,242 units) and pick-up (61,818 units), the overall Devon family totaled 456,544 units, with some variants continuing until 1956.[3][1]| Variant | Production Period | Total Units |
|---|---|---|
| Devon Saloon | 1947–1952 | 273,958 |
| Dorset Saloon | 1947–1948 | 15,939 |
| Countryman Estate | 1948–1956 | 26,587 |
| 10 cwt Van | 1948–1956 | 78,242 |
| Pick-up | 1948–1956 | 61,818 |