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Demographics of Australia
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Demographics of Australia
The population of Australia is estimated to be 28,123,500 as of 4 November 2025. It is the 54th most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.
Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage.
Australia has an average population density of 3.7 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. This is generally attributed to the semi-arid and desert geography of much of the interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation—with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries. The life expectancy of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, among the highest in the world.
Population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750,000. Where available, actual population figures from census years are included.
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Median age of the Australia population through history. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
As of June 2022[update], the population density of Australia was reported as 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi). This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia.
Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.
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Demographics of Australia
The population of Australia is estimated to be 28,123,500 as of 4 November 2025. It is the 54th most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.
Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage.
Australia has an average population density of 3.7 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. This is generally attributed to the semi-arid and desert geography of much of the interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation—with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries. The life expectancy of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, among the highest in the world.
Population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750,000. Where available, actual population figures from census years are included.
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Median age of the Australia population through history. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
As of June 2022[update], the population density of Australia was reported as 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi). This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia.
Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.
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