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Battle of Moncontour
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Battle of Moncontour
The Battle of Moncontour occurred on 3 October 1569 between the royalist Catholic forces of King Charles IX of France, commanded by Henry, Duke of Anjou, and the Huguenots commanded by Gaspard II de Coligny.
Weeks before, Coligny had lifted the siege of Poitou and positioned his army in hopes of gaining an advantage over the approaching Royalist forces. However, a flanking manoeuvre by Gaspard de Saulx along the River Dive forced him from this position. This coincided with Henry's objective to keep Coligny's army from joining Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery's forces operating in the South of the country. Coligny attempted to rectify the situation by moving to a better location across the River Thouet. But he was delayed by a strike by his German mercenaries, who demanded their pay before moving. By the time he was able to get underway, the Royalist army had formed a line of battle and was advancing on his flank. With no choice now but to fight, Coligny formed up to meet them.
The Catholic army is reckoned to have numbered 7–8,000 cavalry, 16–18,000 infantry and 11-15 guns. It included 6,000 Swiss and 3–4,000 Italian infantry, 4-500 Italian cavalry, 3,000 German mercenary reiters and a few hundred Spanish-supplied Walloon cavalry. They were deployed as a vanguard on the right and the main battle on the left.
The former was commanded by the Louis, Duke of Montpensier. It numbered 3,500 cavalry and 8,000 infantry. Anjou commanded the main battle in person. It was of a similar size to the vanguard, with 4,000 cavalry and 9,000 infantry. Both the vanguard and main battle had small reserves of mounted troops.
The total size of the Huguenot army is less certain, but was somewhat smaller, perhaps 18–20,000 men and 11 guns. This included 4,500 reiters and 4,000 landsknechts. Although Coligny had plenty of cavalry available, Tavannes was of the opinion that they were not as good as previously. Their losses suffered at Jarnac had been made good from elements drawn from the bourgeoisie, who lacked the same level of equipment, experience and élan as their noble compatriots.
The Huguenot army was also divided into a vanguard and a battle. The Admiral commanded the former on the left of the line, while Louis van Nassau was given command of the battle on the right. The Admiral's vanguard was possibly the larger of the two wings. Few of the native Huguenot infantry present carried pikes.
Before the start of the battle, Coligny sent the young Huguenot princes Henry de Navarre and Henry de Condé to safety with a strong escort, an act which was subsequently blamed for lowering the army's morale.
The battle began with an advance by the Catholic vanguard. Their cavalry saw off the Huguenots skirmishing around the Plumain Grange and then drove back cavalry who advanced to support them. Seeing the strength of the Catholic right, the Admiral ordered Nassau to send him reinforcements. The Dutch Prince complied but also accompanied them himself, leaving the main battle leaderless.
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Battle of Moncontour
The Battle of Moncontour occurred on 3 October 1569 between the royalist Catholic forces of King Charles IX of France, commanded by Henry, Duke of Anjou, and the Huguenots commanded by Gaspard II de Coligny.
Weeks before, Coligny had lifted the siege of Poitou and positioned his army in hopes of gaining an advantage over the approaching Royalist forces. However, a flanking manoeuvre by Gaspard de Saulx along the River Dive forced him from this position. This coincided with Henry's objective to keep Coligny's army from joining Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery's forces operating in the South of the country. Coligny attempted to rectify the situation by moving to a better location across the River Thouet. But he was delayed by a strike by his German mercenaries, who demanded their pay before moving. By the time he was able to get underway, the Royalist army had formed a line of battle and was advancing on his flank. With no choice now but to fight, Coligny formed up to meet them.
The Catholic army is reckoned to have numbered 7–8,000 cavalry, 16–18,000 infantry and 11-15 guns. It included 6,000 Swiss and 3–4,000 Italian infantry, 4-500 Italian cavalry, 3,000 German mercenary reiters and a few hundred Spanish-supplied Walloon cavalry. They were deployed as a vanguard on the right and the main battle on the left.
The former was commanded by the Louis, Duke of Montpensier. It numbered 3,500 cavalry and 8,000 infantry. Anjou commanded the main battle in person. It was of a similar size to the vanguard, with 4,000 cavalry and 9,000 infantry. Both the vanguard and main battle had small reserves of mounted troops.
The total size of the Huguenot army is less certain, but was somewhat smaller, perhaps 18–20,000 men and 11 guns. This included 4,500 reiters and 4,000 landsknechts. Although Coligny had plenty of cavalry available, Tavannes was of the opinion that they were not as good as previously. Their losses suffered at Jarnac had been made good from elements drawn from the bourgeoisie, who lacked the same level of equipment, experience and élan as their noble compatriots.
The Huguenot army was also divided into a vanguard and a battle. The Admiral commanded the former on the left of the line, while Louis van Nassau was given command of the battle on the right. The Admiral's vanguard was possibly the larger of the two wings. Few of the native Huguenot infantry present carried pikes.
Before the start of the battle, Coligny sent the young Huguenot princes Henry de Navarre and Henry de Condé to safety with a strong escort, an act which was subsequently blamed for lowering the army's morale.
The battle began with an advance by the Catholic vanguard. Their cavalry saw off the Huguenots skirmishing around the Plumain Grange and then drove back cavalry who advanced to support them. Seeing the strength of the Catholic right, the Admiral ordered Nassau to send him reinforcements. The Dutch Prince complied but also accompanied them himself, leaving the main battle leaderless.
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