Banneker lived during a time when slavery was deeply entrenched in American society. His very existence as a free black man who achieved intellectual prominence challenged the prevailing racial hierarchy and the justification for slavery.

Banneker's life coincided with the rise of abolitionist movements in America and Europe. His almanacs and correspondence with Thomas Jefferson became powerful tools for abolitionists seeking to demonstrate the intellectual equality of African Americans.

The American Revolution, with its emphasis on liberty and equality, created a complex tension with the institution of slavery. Banneker's achievements highlighted this contradiction and fueled debates about the meaning of freedom and citizenship.

Banneker's work on surveying the District of Columbia coincided with the formation of the United States government. His participation in this project demonstrated the potential for African Americans to contribute to the nation's development.