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Blastocrithidia
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| Blastocrithidia | |
|---|---|
| |
| A species of Blastocrithidia, B. papi (vertical scale bar = 10 μm).[2] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Discoba |
| Phylum: | Euglenozoa |
| Class: | Kinetoplastea |
| Order: | Trypanosomatida |
| Family: | Trypanosomatidae |
| Genus: | Blastocrithidia Laird 1959 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Blastocrithidia gerridis (Patton 1908) Laird 1959
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Blastocrithidia is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae.[1] It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects,[3] mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands.[4]
Characteristics
[edit]In addition to Blastocrithidia, one-host trypanosomatids from hemipteran and dipteran insects have been traditionally placed in genera Crithidia, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Rhynchoidomonas, and Wallaceina.[5][6] Blastocrithidia is characterized by epimastigote morphological forms, whereas opisthomastigotes and endomastigotes are exclusive features of the genera Herpetomonas and Wallaceina, respectively.[6] Blastocrithidia is also able to produce resistant cysts.[7]
Systematics
[edit]The etymology of the genus name Blastocrithidia derives from the two Ancient Greek words βλαστός (blastós), meaning "sprout, scion, child or descendant", and κριθίδιον (krithídion), meaning "small grain of barley".[8][9]
The genus includes the following species.
- Blastocrithidia caliroae Lipa, Carl & Valentine 1977
- Blastocrithidia cyrtomeni Caicedo et al. 2011
- Blastocrithidia euschisti Hanson & McGhee
- Blastocrithidia familiaris Tieszen et al. 1986
- Blastocrithidia gerridis (Patton 1908) Laird 1959
- Blastocrithidia largi Maslov and Lukes 2010
- Blastocrithidia leptocoridis (McCulloch 1915)
- Blastocrithidia miridarum Podlipaev & Frolov 1987
- Blastocrithidia papi Frolov and Kostygov, 2016
- Blastocrithidia raabei Lipa 1966
- Blastocrithidia triatomae Cerisola et al. 1971
- Blastocrithidia vagoi Tuzet & Laporte 1965
- Blastocrithidia nonstop Votýpka & Lukeš, sp. nov.
Genomics
[edit]Genetic code
[edit]Blastocrithidia uses in its nuclear genome an alternative genetic code characterized by all three canonical stop codons reassigned to sense codons.[10]
| Genetic code | Translation table |
DNA codon | RNA codon | Conditional translation |
Standard translation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blastocrithidia nuclear | 31 | TAA |
UAA |
Ter (*) |
or | Glu (E) |
Ter (*)
| |
TAG |
UAG |
Ter (*) |
or | Glu (E) |
Ter (*)
| |||
TGA |
UGA |
Trp (W) |
Ter (*)
| |||||
| Amino acids biochemical properties | nonpolar | polar | basic | acidic | Termination: stop codon |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Laird, Marshall (1959-10-01). "Blastocrithidia n.g. (Mastigophora: Protomonadina) for Crithidia (in part), with a subarctic record for B. gerridis (Patton)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 37 (5): 749–752. doi:10.1139/z59-075. ISSN 0008-4301.
- ^ Frolov, Alexander O.; Malysheva, Marina N.; Ganyukova, Anna I.; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Kostygov, Alexei Y. (2018-09-27). "Obligate development of Blastocrithidia papi (Trypanosomatidae) in the Malpighian tubules of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and coordination of host-parasite life cycles". PLOS ONE. 13 (9) e0204467. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1304467F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204467. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6160041. PMID 30261003.
- ^ Týč, Jiří; Votýpka, Jan; Klepetková, Helena; Šuláková, Hana; Jirků, Milan; Lukeš, Julius (2013-10-01). "Growing diversity of trypanosomatid parasites of flies (Diptera: Brachycera): Frequent cosmopolitism and moderate host specificity". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (1): 255–264. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.024. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 23747522.
- ^ Tanada, Yoshinori; Kaya, Harry K. (2012-12-02). Insect Pathology. Academic Press. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-08-092625-4.
- ^ Merzlyak, Ekaterina; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Kolesnikov, Alexander A.; Alexandrov, Kirill; Podlipaev, Sergei A.; Maslov, Dmitri A. (2001-03-01). "Diversity and Phylogeny of Insect Trypanosomatids Based on Small Subunit rRNA Genes: Polyphyly of Leptomonas and Blastocrithidia". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 48 (2): 161–169. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00298.x. ISSN 1066-5234. PMID 12095103. S2CID 13880469.
- ^ a b Yurchenko, Vyacheslav Y.; Lukeš, Julius; Tesařová, Martina; Jirků, Milan; Maslov, Dmitri A. (2008-01-01). "Morphological Discordance of the New Trypanosomatid Species Phylogenetically Associated with the Genus Crithidia". Protist. 159 (1): 99–114. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.07.003. PMID 17931968.
- ^ Tieszen, K.; Molyneux, D. H.; Abdel-Hafez, S. K. (1985-03-01). "Ultrastructure of cyst formation in Blastocrithidia familiaris in Lygaeus pandurus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)". Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde. 71 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1007/BF00926268. ISSN 1432-1955. S2CID 30176747.
- ^ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2-01-003528-9. OCLC 461974285.
- ^ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Záhonová, Kristína; Kostygov, Alexei Y.; Ševčíková, Tereza; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Eliáš, Marek (2016). "An Unprecedented Non-canonical Nuclear Genetic Code with All Three Termination Codons Reassigned as Sense Codons". Current Biology. 26 (17): 2364–2369. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.064. PMID 27593378.