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Botlikh language
Botlikh language
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Botlikh
Botlix
буйхалъи мицIцIи/bujxałi mic’c’i
Pronunciation[bujχaɬi mits’ːi]
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionSouthwestern Dagestan[1]
Ethnicity3,788 Botlikh people (2020)
Native speakers
5,073 (2020 census)[2]
c. 8,000 (2012)[3]
Northeast Caucasian
Dialects
  • Botlikh proper
  • Miarso
unwritten
(transcribed using Cyrillic script)
Language codes
ISO 639-3bph
Glottologbotl1242
ELPBotlikh
  Botlikh
Botlikh is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the villages of Botlikh (Buikhe), Miarso and Ashino, as well as in Chontaul, Ankho and in Batlakhatli,[4] in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, according to the 2020 census.[2]

Dialects

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Botlikh has two dialects, being Botlikh proper and Miarso. Differences in phonology and morphology are small, and the two are mutually intelligible.[4]

Phonology

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Vowels

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Botlikh has five basic vowels. Vowels can also be long or nasalized.[5]

Botlikh vowels[5]
Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

Consonants

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Botlikh consonants[5]
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
central lateral
lenis fortis lenis fortis lenis fortis lenis fortis lenis fortis lenis fortis
Plosive voiced b ⟨б⟩ d ⟨д⟩ ɡ ⟨г⟩
voiceless p ⟨п⟩ t ⟨т⟩ k ⟨к⟩
ejective tʼ ⟨тӀ⟩ kʼ ⟨кӀ⟩ q͡χʼː ⟨къ⟩ ʔ ⟨ъ⟩
Affricate voiceless t͡s ⟨ц⟩ t͡sː ⟨цц⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨ч⟩ t͡ʃː ⟨чч⟩ t͡ɬː ⟨лӀ⟩ k͡xː ⟨кк⟩ q͡χː ⟨хъ⟩
ejective t͡sʼ ⟨цӀ⟩ t͡sʼː ⟨цӀцӀ⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨чӀ⟩ t͡ʃʼː ⟨чӀчӀ⟩ t͡ɬʼː ⟨кь⟩ k͡xʼː ⟨кӀкӀ⟩
voiced d͜ʒ ⟨дж⟩
Fricative voiceless v ⟨в⟩ s ⟨с⟩ sː ⟨сс⟩ ʃ ⟨ш⟩ ʃː ⟨щ⟩ ɬ ⟨лъ⟩ ɬː ⟨лълъ⟩ çː ⟨хь⟩ ɣ ⟨гь⟩ xː ⟨хх⟩ χ ⟨х⟩ ʜ ⟨хӀ⟩ h ⟨гь⟩
voiced z ⟨з⟩ ʒ ⟨ж⟩ j ⟨й⟩ x ⟨х⟩ ʁ ⟨гъ⟩ ʕ ⟨гӀ⟩
Approximant m ⟨м⟩ n ⟨н⟩ r ⟨р⟩ l ⟨л⟩

Orthography

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Botlikh is unwritten, and Botlikhs have mostly used Avar as their medium of written communication. When Botlikhs need to write their language, they use the Avar alphabet.[4] The following orthography is used in a Botlikh–Russian dictionary.[6]

А а Аᴴ аᴴ Б б В в Г г Гъ гъ Гь гь ГӀ гӀ Д д Дж дж (Е е) Ж ж З з И и
Иᴴ иᴴ Й й К к Кк кк Къ къ Кь кь КӀ кӀ КӀкӀ кӀкӀ Л л Лъ лъ Лълъ лълъ ЛӀ лӀ М м Н н
О о П п ПӀ пӀ Р р С с Сс сс Т т ТӀ тӀ У у Уᴴ уᴴ Х х Хх хх Хъ хъ Хь хь
ХӀ хӀ Ц ц Цц цц ЦӀ цӀ ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ Ч ч Чч чч ЧӀ чӀ ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Э э Эᴴ эᴴ

References

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Further reading

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