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Butyryl-CoA
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Butyryl-CoA
Butyryl-CoA (or butyryl-coenzyme A, butanoyl-CoA) is an organic coenzyme A-containing derivative of butyric acid. It is a natural product found in many biological pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism (degradation and elongation), fermentation, and 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) degradation. It mostly participates as an intermediate, a precursor to and converted from crotonyl-CoA. This interconversion is mediated by butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.
From redox data, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase shows little to no activity at pH higher than 7.0. This is important as enzyme midpoint potential is at pH 7.0 and at 25 °C. Therefore, changes above from this value will denature the enzyme.
Within the human colon, butyrate helps supply energy to the gut epithelium and helps regulate cell responses.
Butyryl-CoA has a very high calculated potential Gibbs energy, -462.53937 kcal/mol, stored at its bond with CoA.
Butyryl-CoA interconverts to and from 3-oxohexanoyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (or thiolase). In terms of organic chemistry, the reaction is the reverse of a Claisen condensation. Subsequently butyryl-CoA is converted into crotonyl-CoA. The conversion is catalyzed by electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase. This enzyme has many synonyms that are orthologous to each other, including butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA oxidase, and short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Butyryl-CoA is an intermediate of the fermentation pathway found in Clostridium kluyveri. This species can ferment acetyl-CoA and succinate into butanoate, extracting energy through the process. The fermentation pathway from ethanol to acetyl-CoA to butanoate is also known as ABE fermentation.
Butyryl-CoA is reduced from crotonyl-CoAcatalyzing by butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, where two NADH molecules donate four electrons, with two of them reducing ferredoxin ([2Fe-2S] cluster) and the other two reducing crotonyl-CoA into butyryl-CoA. Subsequently, butyryl-CoA is converted into butanoate by propionyl-CoA transferase, which transfers the coenzyme-A group onto an acetate, forming acetyl-CoA.
It is essential in reducing ferredoxins in anaerobic bacteria and archaea so that electron transport phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation can occur with increased efficiency.
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Butyryl-CoA
Butyryl-CoA (or butyryl-coenzyme A, butanoyl-CoA) is an organic coenzyme A-containing derivative of butyric acid. It is a natural product found in many biological pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism (degradation and elongation), fermentation, and 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) degradation. It mostly participates as an intermediate, a precursor to and converted from crotonyl-CoA. This interconversion is mediated by butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase.
From redox data, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase shows little to no activity at pH higher than 7.0. This is important as enzyme midpoint potential is at pH 7.0 and at 25 °C. Therefore, changes above from this value will denature the enzyme.
Within the human colon, butyrate helps supply energy to the gut epithelium and helps regulate cell responses.
Butyryl-CoA has a very high calculated potential Gibbs energy, -462.53937 kcal/mol, stored at its bond with CoA.
Butyryl-CoA interconverts to and from 3-oxohexanoyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (or thiolase). In terms of organic chemistry, the reaction is the reverse of a Claisen condensation. Subsequently butyryl-CoA is converted into crotonyl-CoA. The conversion is catalyzed by electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase. This enzyme has many synonyms that are orthologous to each other, including butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA oxidase, and short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Butyryl-CoA is an intermediate of the fermentation pathway found in Clostridium kluyveri. This species can ferment acetyl-CoA and succinate into butanoate, extracting energy through the process. The fermentation pathway from ethanol to acetyl-CoA to butanoate is also known as ABE fermentation.
Butyryl-CoA is reduced from crotonyl-CoAcatalyzing by butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, where two NADH molecules donate four electrons, with two of them reducing ferredoxin ([2Fe-2S] cluster) and the other two reducing crotonyl-CoA into butyryl-CoA. Subsequently, butyryl-CoA is converted into butanoate by propionyl-CoA transferase, which transfers the coenzyme-A group onto an acetate, forming acetyl-CoA.
It is essential in reducing ferredoxins in anaerobic bacteria and archaea so that electron transport phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation can occur with increased efficiency.
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