C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. was a British publisher of newspapers, periodicals, books, and comics that operated from 1890 to c. 1965. The company was founded by C. Arthur Pearson, later to be known as Sir Arthur Pearson, 1st Baronet.

Pearson was involved in the periodical business during its entire existence, known for publishing such titles as Pearson's Weekly, Home Notes, Pearson's Magazine, The Royal Magazine, London Opinion, and Men Only. The company was in the newspaper business from 1898 to 1916, most notably with the formation of the Daily Express. C. Arthur Pearson Ltd also published materials related to the British Boy Scout movement.

Initially an independent publisher, Pearson became an imprint of George Newnes Ltd around 1914. Newnes/Pearson was acquired by Odhams Press in 1960; all three companies became part of the International Publishing Company in 1961.

In 1890, after six years of working for George Newnes, C. Arthur Pearson left to form his own publishing business.

Within three weeks of forming C. Arthur Pearson Ltd in 1890, the company began publishing the periodical journal Pearson's Weekly, the first issue of which sold a quarter of a million copies. In January 1894, Pearson launched the women's magazine Home Notes, with the aim of dominating the penny magazine market. In 1896, Pearson launched Pearson's Magazine, a monthly magazine which specialized in speculative literature, political discussion, often of a socialist bent, and the arts. In 1898, Pearson founded The Royal Magazine, a monthly literary magazine which remained in publication until 1939. London Opinion was launched in 1903, running until 1954, when it merged with Men Only (started in 1935).

Pearson also participated in the early British comics publishing business, launching Big Budget in 1897 and Dan Leno's Comic Journal in 1898.

Pearson was in the book business from 1897 to around 1945. In the latter years of the 19th century, Pearson published a number of notable first editions, including H. G. Wells' The Invisible Man (1897), Bram Stoker's Miss Betty (1898), and Baroness Orczy's The Emperor's Candlesticks (1899). Pearson published books by such writers as Winifred Graham, Percy F. Westerman, Norman Hunter, Fâ’iz El-Ghusein, Robert Leighton, Marie Connor, and Catherine Christian.

In 1898, Pearson purchased the Morning Herald, and in 1900 merged it into his new creation, the halfpenny Daily Express. The Express was a departure from the papers of its time and created an immediate impact by carrying news instead of only advertisements on its front page. Pearson was successful in establishing papers in provincial locations such as the Birmingham Daily Gazette. Pearson came into direct competition with the Daily Mail and in the resulting commercial fight almost took control of The Times, being nominated as its manager, but the deal fell through.