CORONAS programme

Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun, or CORONAS, was a Russian Solar observation satellite programme. Three satellites were launched: CORONAS-I, CORONAS-F, and CORONAS-Photon.

CORONAS-I

CORONAS-I was launched in 1994.^[1]

The satellites had 12 instrumenents:^[1]

TEREK-C - Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph
RES-C - Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter
DIOGENESS - Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares
HELICON - Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer
IRIS - Solar Burst Spectrometer
SUFR-Sp-C - Solar UV Radiometer
VUSS - Vacuum UV Solar spectrum
DIFOS - Solar Flux Optical Photometer
SORS - Solar Radiospectrometer
SKL-particles - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - particles
AVS - Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser
SKL-rad - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - radiation

CORONAS-F

CORONAS-I was launched in 2001 and worked until 2005.^[2]^[3]

The satellites had 16 instrumenents:^[2]

TEREK-C - Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph
RES-C - Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter
DIOGENESS - Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares
HELICON - Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer
IRIS - Solar Burst Spectrometer
SUFR-Sp-C - Solar UV Radiometer
VUSS - Vacuum UV Solar spectrum
DIFOS - Solar Flux Optical Photometer
SORS - Solar Radiospectrometer
SKL-particles - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - particles
SPR-N - Solar X-ray Polarimeter
RESIK - X-ray Spectrometer
AVS - Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser
RPS-1 - X-ray Semi-conductor Spectrometer
IMAP-5 - Three-axis Magnetometer
SKL-rad - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - radiation

CORONAS-Photon

CORONAS-Photon was launched on 30 January 2009, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, aboard the final flight of the Tsyklon-3 rocket. On 1 December 2009 all scientific instruments on the satellite were turned off due to the problems with power supply that were caused by a design flaw.^[4]^[5] On 18 April 2010 the creators of the satellite announced it was lost "with a good deal of certainty".^[6]^[7]

The satellite had 11 instruments:^[8]

Natalya-2M-rad - High energy radiation spectrometer - radiation
RT-2 - Roentgen Telescope-2
Penguin-M - Hard X-ray polarimeter-spectrometer
Konus-RF - X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometer
BRM - Fast X-ray Monitor
PHOKA - Multi-channel ultraviolet monitor
TESIS - Telescope-spectrometer for imaging solar spectroscopy in X-rays
Electron-M-PESCA - Charged particle analyzer
STEP-F - Satellite telescope of electrons and protons
Natalya-2M-particles - High energy radiation spectrometer - particles
SM-8M Magnetometer

References

^ ^a ^b "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-I". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
^ ^a ^b "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-F". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
^ Kuznetsov, V. D. (October 22, 2014). "CORONAS-F Project: The Study of Solar Activity and Its Effects on the Earth". In Kuznetsov, Vladimir (ed.). The Coronas-F Space Mission: Key Results for Solar Terrestrial Physics. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 400. Springer. pp. 1–26. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39268-9_1. ISBN 978-3-642-39268-9 – via Springer Link.
^ Спутник "Коронас-Фотон" не работает из-за проблем с питанием [Coronas-Foton satellite doesn't work due to the problems with the power supply] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2009-12-11.
^ "Коронас-Фотон" сломался из-за переоценки ресурса аккумуляторов [Coronas-Foton broke down because battery resource was underestimated] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2010-01-11.
^ КОРОНАС-ФОТОН, по-видимому, умер Archived 2010-04-22 at the Wayback Machine [Coronas-Foton is apparently dead] (in Russian). Official press release of the Laboratory of X-Ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
^ Солнце не смогло оживить научный спутник "Коронас-Фотон" [The Sun couldn't revive the Coronas-Foton scientific satellite] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2010-04-19.
^ "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-Photon". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.

[coronas-i-1] "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-I". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.

[coronas-f-2] "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-F". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.

[3] Kuznetsov, V. D. (October 22, 2014). "CORONAS-F Project: The Study of Solar Activity and Its Effects on the Earth". In Kuznetsov, Vladimir (ed.). The Coronas-F Space Mission: Key Results for Solar Terrestrial Physics. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 400. Springer. pp. 1–26. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39268-9_1. ISBN 978-3-642-39268-9 – via Springer Link.

[4] Спутник "Коронас-Фотон" не работает из-за проблем с питанием [Coronas-Foton satellite doesn't work due to the problems with the power supply] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2009-12-11.

[5] "Коронас-Фотон" сломался из-за переоценки ресурса аккумуляторов [Coronas-Foton broke down because battery resource was underestimated] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2010-01-11.

[6] КОРОНАС-ФОТОН, по-видимому, умер Archived 2010-04-22 at the Wayback Machine [Coronas-Foton is apparently dead] (in Russian). Official press release of the Laboratory of X-Ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[7] Солнце не смогло оживить научный спутник "Коронас-Фотон" [The Sun couldn't revive the Coronas-Foton scientific satellite] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2010-04-19.

[8] "WMO OSCAR | Satellite: Coronas-Photon". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 22 October 2024.

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v t e Solar space missions
List of heliophysics missions - List of solar telescopes
Current	ACE (since 1997) Aditya-L1 (since 2023) ASO-S (since 2022) CHASE (Xihe) (since 2021) DSCOVR (since 2015) Hinode (Solar-B) (since 2006) IRIS (since 2013) Parker Solar Probe (since 2018) PROBA-3 (since 2024) PUNCH (since 2025) Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (since 1995) Solar Dynamics Observatory (since 2010) Solar Orbiter (since 2020) STEREO (since 2006) Wind (since 1994)
Past	Apollo Telescope Mount CORONAS-I CORONAS-F CORONAS-Photon EURECA ESRO 2B Genesis GOES 13 Helios Hinotori (Astro-A) IMP-8 ISEE-1 ISEE-2 ICE / ISEE-3 MinXSS1 MinXSS2 Orbiting Solar Observatory OSO 1 OSO 2/OSO B OSO 3 OSO 4 OSO 5 OSO 6 OSO 7 OSO 8 Solwind PICARD Pioneer 5 Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9 PROBA-2 Prognoz programme RHESSI SOLAR SolarMax Spartan 201 Taiyo (SRATS) TRACE Ulysses Yohkoh (Solar-A)
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Proposed	ADAHELI SETH Sundiver GSST
Cancelled	AOSO Pioneer H OSO J OSO K Solar Cruiser Solar Sentinels
Lost	Pioneer E OSO C
Sun-Earth	SORCE SXI ACRIMSAT Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (since 2025)
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CORONAS programme

CORONAS programme

CORONAS programme

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CORONAS programme

CORONAS-I

CORONAS-F

CORONAS-Photon

References