Cadmium phosphide

Cadmium phosphide
Names
	Other names Tricadmium diphosphide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12014-28-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	140173;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.437
EC Number	234-595-5;
PubChem CID	159393;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID401010274;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Cd. 2P/q3+2;2-3 Key: BYWFNUBYQJKAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Cd+2].[Cd+2].[Cd+2].[P-3].[P-3];
Properties
Chemical formula	Cd3P2
Molar mass	399.178 g/mol
Appearance	bluish white or gray
Density	5.96 g/cm3
Melting point	700 °C (1,292 °F; 973 K)
Electron mobility	1500 cm2/Vs
Refractive index (nD)	3.88
Structure
Crystal structure	Tetragonal
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H314, H332, H350, H370, H410
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P210, P233, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Cadmium phosphide (Cd₃ P₂) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a grey or white bluish solid semiconductor material with a bandgap of 0.5 eV.^[1] It has applications as a pesticide, material for laser diodes and for high-power-high-frequency electronics.^[1]

Synthesis and reactions

Cadmium phosphide can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium with phosphorus:

6 Cd + P₄ → 2 Cd₃P₂

Structure

Cd₃P₂ has a room-temperature tetragonal form.

The crystalline structure of cadmium phosphide is very similar to that of zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂), cadmium arsenide (Cd₃As₂) and zinc arsenide (Zn₃As₂). These compounds of the Zn-Cd-P-As quaternary system exhibit full continuous solid-solution.^[3]

Applications

Over the last decade, interest in cadmium phosphide as a source for fast, near-IR emission has grown due to the development of cadmium phosphide quantum dots. Literature has demonstrated that these quantum dots possess tunable emission between 700 nm to 1500 nm.^[4]^[5] A recent paper investigated the effect of surface passivation on these quantum dots and showed that cadmium phosphide quantum dots may have an intrinsic band-edge relaxation time less than 100 ns.^[6]

Safety

Like other metal phosphides, it is acutely toxic when swallowed due to the formation of phosphine gas when it reacts with gastric acid. It is also carcinogen and dangerous for the skin, eyes and other organs in a large part due to cadmium poisoning.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Cadmium Phosphide (Cd3P2) Semiconductors". azom.com. 2013-08-19. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
^ Ramsay, William (1891). A System of Inorganic Chemistry. J. & A. Churchill. p. 551.
^ Trukhan, V. M.; Izotov, A. D.; Shoukavaya, T. V. (2014). "Compounds and solid solutions of the Zn-Cd-P-As system in semiconductor electronics". Inorganic Materials. 50 (9): 868–873. doi:10.1134/S0020168514090143. S2CID 94409384.
^ Miao, S.; Hickey, S. G.; Rellinghaus, B.; Waurisch, C.; Eychmuller, A. (2010). "Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Phosphide Quantum Dots Emitting in the Visible Red to Near-Infrared". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (16): 5613–5615. doi:10.1021/ja9105732. PMID 20361738.
^ Xie, R.; Zhang, J.; Yang, W.; Peng, X. (2010). "Synthesis of Monodisperse, Highly Emissive, and Size-Tunable Cd3P2 Nanocrystals". Chemistry of Materials. 22 (13): 3820–3822. doi:10.1021/cm1008653.
^ Smith, L.; Harbison, K. E.; Diroll, B. T.; Fedin, I. (2023). "Acceleration of Near-IR Emission through Efficient Surface Passivation in Cd3P2 Quantum Dots". Materials. 16 (19): 6346. doi:10.3390/ma16196346. PMC 10573561. PMID 37834483.

[azom-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Cadmium Phosphide (Cd3P2) Semiconductors". azom.com. 2013-08-19. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

[2] Ramsay, William (1891). A System of Inorganic Chemistry. J. & A. Churchill. p. 551.

[Trukhan-3] Trukhan, V. M.; Izotov, A. D.; Shoukavaya, T. V. (2014). "Compounds and solid solutions of the Zn-Cd-P-As system in semiconductor electronics". Inorganic Materials. 50 (9): 868–873. doi:10.1134/S0020168514090143. S2CID 94409384.

[Miao-4] Miao, S.; Hickey, S. G.; Rellinghaus, B.; Waurisch, C.; Eychmuller, A. (2010). "Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Phosphide Quantum Dots Emitting in the Visible Red to Near-Infrared". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (16): 5613–5615. doi:10.1021/ja9105732. PMID 20361738.

[Xie-5] Xie, R.; Zhang, J.; Yang, W.; Peng, X. (2010). "Synthesis of Monodisperse, Highly Emissive, and Size-Tunable Cd3P2 Nanocrystals". Chemistry of Materials. 22 (13): 3820–3822. doi:10.1021/cm1008653.

[Smith-6] Smith, L.; Harbison, K. E.; Diroll, B. T.; Fedin, I. (2023). "Acceleration of Near-IR Emission through Efficient Surface Passivation in Cd3P2 Quantum Dots". Materials. 16 (19): 6346. doi:10.3390/ma16196346. PMC 10573561. PMID 37834483.

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v t e Cadmium compounds
Cadmium(I)	Cd₂(AlCl₄)₂
Cadmium(II)	Cd(BF₄)₂ CdF₂ CdCl₂ CdBr₂ CdI₂ Cd(CN)₂ CdH₂ CdO CdS CdSe CdTe Cd(OH)₂ Cd₃N₂ Cd(NO₃)₂ CdSO₄ CdSeO₄ CdCrO₄ CdWO₄ CdTeO₃ Cd(C₃H₅O₃)₂ Cd₃As₂ Cd₃P₂ Cd₃(PO₄)₂ CsCdCl₃ CsCdBr₃ Cd(CH₃CO₂)₂ Cd(O₂CC₁₇H₃₅)₂

v t e Phosphorus compounds
Phosphides	AlP AsP BP BiP Cs₂P₅ Ca₃P₂ Cd₃P₂ Cu₃P DyP ErP EuP GdP AuP FeP Fe₃P HfP HoP InP LaP Li₃P LuP MoP MoP₂ Mo₃P NbP NdP NpP Np₃P₄ OsP₂ Ru₂P PtP₂ PrP PrP₅ PuP ScP SmP SmP₅ Sr₃P₂ TbP SnP₃ ThP₇ TmP YP YbP ZnP₂ Zn₃P₂ ZrP ZrP₂
Other compounds	PBr₃ PBr₅ PBr₇ PCl₃ PCl₅ P₂Cl₄ PF₃ PF₅ PI₃ PH₃ PN P₃N₅ PO P₂O₃ P₂O₄ P₂O₅ P₄S₃ P₄S_x P₄S₁₀

Cadmium phosphide

Cadmium phosphide

Cadmium phosphide

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Hub overview

Root Wikipedia Article

Cadmium phosphide

Synthesis and reactions

Structure

Applications

Safety

References