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Telephone call
A telephone call, phone call, voice call, or simply a call, is the use of a connection over a telephone network between two parties for audio communication. To start a call, the calling party, the caller, opens a connection for a particular phone number and waits for an answer to the request; often indicated by an audible ringtone. To answer the call, the called party accepts the request to start a conversation. A party is most commonly a single person, but can be a group of people (i.e. conference call) or a machine (i.e. fax). In some contexts, the term A-Number refers to the caller and B-Number refers to the called party.
The telephone call was enabled by multiple inventions in the mid- to late-19th century including the telephone. Initial technology involved point-to-point electrical wire connections between telephone installations, until centralized exchanges evolved where telephone operators established each interconnection manually at a telephone switchboard after asking the calling party for their call destination. After the invention of automatic telephone exchanges in the 1890s, the process became increasingly automated, eventually leading to the widespread adoption of digital exchanges in the second half of the 20th century, including the transition to wireless communication via mobile telephone networks and cellular networks. With the development of the Internet, the cost of telephone calls was drastically reduced with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876, by Alexander Graham Bell. Bell demonstrated his ability to "talk with electricity" by transmitting a call to his assistant, Thomas Watson. The first words transmitted were "Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you."
This event has been called Bell's "greatest success", as it demonstrated the first successful use of the telephone. However he refused to have a telephone in his own home because it was something he invented by mistake and saw it as a distraction from his main studies.
A telephone call may carry ordinary voice transmission using a telephone, data transmission when the calling party and called party are using modems, or facsimile transmission when they are using fax machines. The call may use land line, mobile phone, satellite phone or any combination thereof. When a telephone call has more than one called party it is referred to as a conference call. When two or more users of the network are sharing the same physical line, it is called a party line or Rural phone line.
If the caller's wired phone is connected directly to the calling party, when the caller takes their telephone off-hook, the calling party's phone will ring. This is called a [hot line] or [ringdown]. Otherwise, the calling party is usually given a tone to indicate they should begin dialing the desired number. In some (now very rare) cases, if the calling party cannot dial calls directly, they will be connected to an operator who places the call for them.
Calls may be placed through a public network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), provided by a commercial telephone company or a private network, such as a private branch exchange (PBX). In most cases a private network is connected to the public network to provide PBX users with access to the larger networks. Incoming calls to a private network arrive at the PBX in two ways: either directly to a users phone using direct inward dialing or indirectly via a human or electronic receptionist who will answer the call and connect it to the desired user.
Most telephone calls through the PSTN are set up using ISUP signalling messages or one of its variants between telephone exchanges to establish the end to end connection. Calls through PBX networks are set up using QSIG, DPNSS or variants.
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Telephone call
A telephone call, phone call, voice call, or simply a call, is the use of a connection over a telephone network between two parties for audio communication. To start a call, the calling party, the caller, opens a connection for a particular phone number and waits for an answer to the request; often indicated by an audible ringtone. To answer the call, the called party accepts the request to start a conversation. A party is most commonly a single person, but can be a group of people (i.e. conference call) or a machine (i.e. fax). In some contexts, the term A-Number refers to the caller and B-Number refers to the called party.
The telephone call was enabled by multiple inventions in the mid- to late-19th century including the telephone. Initial technology involved point-to-point electrical wire connections between telephone installations, until centralized exchanges evolved where telephone operators established each interconnection manually at a telephone switchboard after asking the calling party for their call destination. After the invention of automatic telephone exchanges in the 1890s, the process became increasingly automated, eventually leading to the widespread adoption of digital exchanges in the second half of the 20th century, including the transition to wireless communication via mobile telephone networks and cellular networks. With the development of the Internet, the cost of telephone calls was drastically reduced with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876, by Alexander Graham Bell. Bell demonstrated his ability to "talk with electricity" by transmitting a call to his assistant, Thomas Watson. The first words transmitted were "Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you."
This event has been called Bell's "greatest success", as it demonstrated the first successful use of the telephone. However he refused to have a telephone in his own home because it was something he invented by mistake and saw it as a distraction from his main studies.
A telephone call may carry ordinary voice transmission using a telephone, data transmission when the calling party and called party are using modems, or facsimile transmission when they are using fax machines. The call may use land line, mobile phone, satellite phone or any combination thereof. When a telephone call has more than one called party it is referred to as a conference call. When two or more users of the network are sharing the same physical line, it is called a party line or Rural phone line.
If the caller's wired phone is connected directly to the calling party, when the caller takes their telephone off-hook, the calling party's phone will ring. This is called a [hot line] or [ringdown]. Otherwise, the calling party is usually given a tone to indicate they should begin dialing the desired number. In some (now very rare) cases, if the calling party cannot dial calls directly, they will be connected to an operator who places the call for them.
Calls may be placed through a public network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), provided by a commercial telephone company or a private network, such as a private branch exchange (PBX). In most cases a private network is connected to the public network to provide PBX users with access to the larger networks. Incoming calls to a private network arrive at the PBX in two ways: either directly to a users phone using direct inward dialing or indirectly via a human or electronic receptionist who will answer the call and connect it to the desired user.
Most telephone calls through the PSTN are set up using ISUP signalling messages or one of its variants between telephone exchanges to establish the end to end connection. Calls through PBX networks are set up using QSIG, DPNSS or variants.