Campogalliano (Carpigiano: Campgàjan) is a comune (municipality) of 8.804 inhabitants in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northwest of Modena.

Campogalliano borders the following municipalities: Carpi, Correggio, Modena, Rubiera, San Martino in Rio.

According to some studies, the first traces of settlements in Campogalliano date back to prehistoric age with the arrival of the Gauls into the Po Valley, from which the city was named after the ‘Campo dei Galli’ ('Field of the Gauls'). The Gauls – as a Terramare civilisation – settled nearby the River Secchia, an important river route that flows near the town. The Romans subdued the Celtic local population of Reggio and Modena, and after that, the Galli Boi territory – the Celtic tribe that lived there – was annexed to the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul, which became its core.

The real first settlement began only in the 16th century, with the construction of Castrum, a castle commissioned by the cadet branch of the House of Este of San Martino then the Lords of Campogalliano, but nowadays there remain no more than the ruins. The castle was supposed to be located in the modern Montagnole park, where the morphological aspect of the land implies the existence of some kind of moat, visible to this day. The channel was mainly used for defensive purpose and there was a bridge that connected the castle with the first settlement, Piazza Castello, where the St. Rocco oratory was built, both still existent. In the same period the Church of St. Ursula was built, patron saint of Campogalliano, on top of the area of an ancient chapel dedicated to her.

Campogalliano was a jurisdiction administered by the San Martino branch of the House of Este from 1501 until the extinction of the household in 1752.

On 12 April 1753, with the Ferrari conveyance deed, the territories of San Martino in Rio and Campogalliano were ceded for a duration of three years by the Camera Ducale d’Este to the marquise Teresa Sfondrati, widow of the last prince of the San Martino branch of the House of Este, Carlo Filiberto II d’Este. In 1756 the contract was renewed in favour of the marquise's daughter Anna Ricciarda, who had married Prince Alberico Barbiano di Belgiojoso the year before. The contract would be renewed again with the Ferrari deed in 1758 and extended until the end of 1767, after which year the territory would definitively return to the Camera Ducale.

During the years of the Second World War, Campogalliano played a key role in the Resistance, as it was a crucial communication route between the partisan lines located in the mountains and those in the Po valley; even nowadays the fallen in the battlefields are still commemorated and the monumento alla Resistenza was also created by Ettore de Conciliis. It was not until the 1980s that the city expanded territorially when the city centre extended beyond the Sant’Orsola oratory.

In 1980 the reservoirs of the River Secchia were built in collaboration with the Municipalities of Rubiera and Modena.